Differences in Characteristics ofReligious Groups in India: As Seen From Household Survey Data

Characteristics of religious groups are an important area that needs to be studied in order to improve the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing the fertility rate. This paper analyzes the socio-economic characteristics of the religious groups, Hinduism, Muslim, Christianity, and Sikhism, by using a large micro level household survey data set for India. The paper analyzes the characteristics among religious groups not only in terms of averages of religious households but also by using regression models. According to the results of the analyses, there are considerable differences in the socio-economic characteristics among religions. What factors lead to these different characteristics is an important question to be addressed in future studies. The results of this study imply that different policies are needed for different religious groups in order to improve their household conditions and wellbeing.Micro level household data, Socio-economic characteristics of religious groups, Religion dummy, Religious state dummy

Linkage among the U.S. Energy Futures Markets

This study tests the price linkage among the U.S. major energy sources, considering structural breaks in time series. We use the Johansen cointegration method and find that only weak linkage sustains among the NYMEX WTI crude oil, Brent crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, coal, natural gas, uranium, and ethanol futures prices. Our tests reveal that the uranium and ethanol futures prices have very weak linkage with other U.S. major energy source prices. This indicates that the U.S. energy market is still at a stage where none of the probable alternative energy source markets are playing the role as a substitute or a complement market for the fossil fuel energy markets and that the U.S. major energy source markets are not integrated as one primary energy market.futures market; structural breaks; Johansen cointegration method

Tests on price linkage between the U.S. and Japanese gold and silver futures markets

We tested the price linkage, the law of one price (LOP) condition, and the causality of the price linkage between the U.S. and Japanese gold and silver futures markets with consideration of structural breaks in the price series. The LOP condition did not hold for both the gold and silver markets when structural breaks were not considered but it sustained in some periods when it was tested for the break periods. We found from the causality test that the price linkage between the U.S. and Japanese gold and silver futures markets were led by the U.S. market.gold futures market, silver futures market, cointegration, law of one price, causality test

The study on DNA markers for disease resistance breeding in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis)

博士（農学）信州大学博士（農学）学位論文・平成24年9月30日授与（乙第10号）・有賀 大輔Thesis有賀 大輔. The study on DNA markers for disease resistance breeding in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis). 信州大学, 2012, 75p, 博士論文doctoral thesi

Dynamical breakdown of the Ising spin-glass order under a magnetic field

The dynamical magnetic properties of an Ising spin glass Fe$_{0.55}$Mn$_{0.45}$TiO$_3$ are studied under various magnetic fields. Having determined the temperature and static field dependent relaxation time $\tau(T;H)$ from ac magnetization measurements under a dc bias field by a general method, we first demonstrate that these data provide evidence for a spin-glass (SG) phase transition only in zero field. We next argue that the data $\tau(T;H)$ of finite $H$ can be well interpreted by the droplet theory which predicts the absence of a SG phase transition in finite fields.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Different cytokine profiles released by CD4+ and CD8+ tumor‐draining lymph node cells involved in mediating tumor regression

We have previously demonstrated that the growth of weakly immunogenic murine sarcomas leads to the induction of immunologically specific preeffector cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLN). The in vitro activation of TDLN cells with anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) resulted in the acquisition of effector function as measured by tumor regression in the adoptive immunotherapy of pulmonary metastases. Further studies were performed to characterize the mechanisms associated with in vivo tumor reactivity mediated by activated TDLN cells. By positive selection, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified and activated by the anti‐CD3/IL‐2 method. CD8+, but not CD4+, cells manifested tumor‐specific granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) release in vitro, and elicited tumor regression in vivo. By contrast, only activated CD4+ were found to release significant amounts of IL‐2 in response to tumor antigen but did not mediate tumor regression in vivo. Mixing the two purified populations enhanced the antitumor activity of the CD8+ T cells. In culture, IL‐2 was found to augment the relative amount of tumor‐specific release of GM‐CSF and IFN‐γ by activated TDLN cells. We found that the tumor‐specific release of GM‐CSF and IFN‐γ by activated lymphocytes was strongly associated with the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of these cells. Evidence in support of this included the following: (1) cytokine release of TDLN derived after different durations of tumor growth correlated with tumor reactivity in adoptive transfer studies, (2) cytokine release of T cells derived from different lymphoid organs corresponded with tumor reactivity in adoptive transfer, and (3) in vivo administration of neutralizing mAb to IFN‐γ and GM‐CSF significantly inhibited the antitumor reactivity of TDLN cells. These studies document the contributory roles of IFN‐γ, GM‐CSF, and IL‐2 released by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells involved in tumor regression. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61: 507–516; 1997.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142128/1/jlb0507.pd

Honeycomb lattice iridate on the verge of Mott-collapse

A new honeycomb lattice iridate (La,Na)IrO$_3$ ($\approx$ LaNaIr$_2$O$_6$) is successfully synthesized from the spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator Na$_2$IrO$_3$ by replacing the interlayer Na$^+$ ions with La$^{3+}$ ions. (La,Na)IrO$_3$ shows a finite Sommerfeld term in heat capacity and a $-\ln T$ dependence of resistivity, indicating a realization of a metallic state driven by a Mott collapse. Furthermore, crystal structure analysis reveals the formation of Ir zig-zag chains with metal-metal bonding, increasing kinetic energy resulting in the Mott collapse. This observation would be due to a Mott collapse induced in a $J_{\mathrm{eff}} = 1/2$ spin-orbit coupling Mott insulator with an Ir honeycomb lattice by topochemical control of the ionic configuration.Comment: 7pages, 5 figures, accepted in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Monoclinic distortion in hyperhoneycomb Kitaev material β\beta-ZnIrO3_3 revealed by improved sample quality

The sample quality of the hyperhoneycomb lattice Kitaev magnet $\beta$-ZnIrO$_3$ was successfully improved by removing the maximum amount of moisture from the reaction ampoule. The X-ray diffraction structural analysis of the high-quality sample confirmed the presence of $P$2$_1$/$c$ superlattice peaks of the Fddd structure in the original structural model. These peaks could not be distinguished due to the presence of impurities in the low-quality sample in a previous study. The structural analysis based on this monoclinic crystal structure model showed no chemical disorder, suggesting that the observed spin liquid type behavior is an intrinsic property unrelated to bond randomness. The details of the $\beta$-ZnIrO$_3$ structure revealed in this study will stimulate the further investigation of Kitaev physics.Comment: 4pages, 3figure