Tolerância à seca em forrageiras tropicais - Aspectos agronômicos e microbiológicos.

Gramíneas. Leguminosas; Método de seleção de plantas para a seca, através da germinação de sementes em solução de sacarose.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27202/1/doc009.pd

Sombreamento em forrageiras - Aspectos agronômicos e microbiológicos.

Efeito do sombreamento no crescimento de forrageiras. Rendimento de matéria seca da parte aérea. Porcentagem de matéria seca (M.S) da parte aérea. Rendimento de MS da raiz. Índice de área foliar, relação área foliar e peso e altura da planta. Porcentagem de nitrogênio (N%). Rendimento de N total. Composição mineral. P. K. Ca e Mg. S. Cu e Zn. Porcentagem do N recuperado. Retorno de nutrientes ao solo. Efeito do sombreamento na fixação biológica de nitrogênio.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27204/1/doc010.pd

Recuperação de áreas degradadas através da introdução de gramíneas forrageiras e de leguminosas arbóreas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

O município de Paty do Alferes está situado na região subtropical montanhosa da Mata Atlântica do Estado de Rio de Janeiro. A erosão e seus associados efeitos representam sérios problemas ao ambiente. A principal razão para a erosão nesta região, é a utilização de solos inapropriados para agricultura anual associado a sistemas agrícolas não adequados as condições pedo-ambientais. O principal objetivo foi implantar módulos de pesquisa na fazenda, para recuperar áreas agrícolas/hortícolas degradadas, em topografia forte ondulada com 40% de declive, apresentando vários sulcos ao longo do declive. Os resultados mostraram que os módulos sob Brachiaria brizantha cv marandu e Digitaria swaziladensis (grama Swazi) foram os mais eficientes na produção de massa seca, mas a grama Swazi apresentou melhores efeitos nas propriedades dos solos. Os módulos com leguminosas arbóreas mostraram que a Erytrina velutina (Eritrina), Acácia mangium (Acácia) e Mimosa caesalpinaefolia (Sabiá) foram os mais eficientes para o conjunto de parâmetros estudados.bitstream/CNPS-2010/11240/1/bp182000leguminosas.pd

Efeito do uso da cama de frango no estabelecimento da alfafa (Medicago sativa cv. Crioulo) em Paty de Alfares.

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Comportamento de gramíneas perenes recentemente introduzidas no Brasil Central

Dry matter production of fourteen recently introduced perennial grasses was compared with that of pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) and of "Taiwan A-24" (Digitaria pentzii) in cutting trials at the Matão Training Center of the IRI Research Institute in the State of São Paulo. Each grass was evaluated at two soil fertility levels on a red latosol. Brachiaria decumbens (IRI 562) was the outstanding grass with respect to dry matter yield over a two year period. Its yield was significantly higher than that of any of the other grasses, at both high and low fertilizer levels. Another Brachiaria species, IRI 409, and various other Digitaria species were superior to pangolagrass and to "Taiwan A-24". Additional research on animal acceptability, nutritive value, and performance under grazing is necessary for a better evaluation of this new germsplasm as promising contributions to pasture improvement in South-Central Brazil.O propósito do estudo foi avaliar gramíneas recentemente introduzidas, em comparação com o capim pangola (Digitaria decumbens) e o pangola "Taiwan A-24" (Digitaria pentzii). Foram comparadas quatorze gramíneas perenes, em um ensaio de corte, no Centro de Treinamento de Matão, do Instituto de Pesquisas IRI, no Estado de São Paulo. Cada gramínea foi avaliada em dois níveis diferentes de fertilidade de solo, em um latossolo vermelho. Brachiaria decumbens (IRI 562) foi excelente com respeito ao rendimento de matéria sêca durante um período de dois anos. Seu rendimento foi significativamente mais alto do que o de qualquer das outras gramíneas, tanto em alta fertilidade como em baixa. Uma outra Brachiaria sp., IRI 409, e várias outras Digitaria foram também superiores ao capim pangola e ao pangola "Taiwan A-24". É necessário que sejam realizados outros estudos sôbre a aceitação pelos animais, valor nutritivo e comportamento sob pastoreio, para melhor avaliação desses novos germoplasmas como contribuições promissoras para o melhoramento de pastagens no Brasil Central

Recuperação de áreas degradadas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27273/1/doc076.pd

Lipid droplet levels vary heterogeneously in response to simulated gastrointestinal stresses in different probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains

AbstractTo exert their therapeutic action, probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains must survive harsh digestive environments. Lipid droplets accumulate in cells which undergo stress-inducing situations, supposedly having a protective role. We assessed lipid droplet levels, either naturally accumulated or induced in response to digestive challenges, of probiotic strains S. boulardii, S. cerevisiae A-905, S. cerevisiae Sc47 and S. cerevisiae L11, and of non-probiotic strains S. cerevisiae BY4741 and S. cerevisiae BY4743. Strains 905 and Sc47 had lower and higher lipid droplet levels, respectively, when compared to the remaining strains, showing that higher accumulationof these neutral lipids is not a feature shared by all probiotic Saccharomyces strains. When submitted to simulated gastric or bile salts environments, lipid droplet levels increase in all tested probiotic strains, at least for one to the induced stresses, suggesting that lipid droplets participate in the protective mechanisms against gastrointestinal stresses in probiotic Saccharomyces yeasts

Identificação de gramíneas tropicais com via fotossintética “C 4” pela anatomia foliar

The leaf anatomy of 75 forage grass species from 30 genera and one interspecific hybrid was studied to classify them, by the presence or absence of the Kranz-type mesophylic cell structure, in respect to their photosynthetic pathway.  72 of the species presented characteristic Kranz-type leaf anatomy, indicating the C-4 dicarboxylic acid photosynthetic pathway, while 3 (Acroceras macrum, Pharus sp. and Bambusa sp.) showed no Kranz-type, indicating the C-3 Calvin cycle. Characteristic Kranz-type structures are described and ilustrated. In general, plants from the same tribe show similar structure.  It is concluded that all tropical forage grasses of economical importance are C-4 plants.Foi estudada a anatomia da folha de 75 espécies de gramíneas tropicais, pertencentes a 30 gêneros, e mais 1 híbrido interespecífico, com o objetivo de identificá-la em relação a sua via fotossintética mediante a síndrome anatômica da coroa de células mesofílicas. Dentre as espécies estudadas, 72 apresentaram características do grupo C 4 enquanto apenas 3 (Acroceras macrum, Pharus sp. e Bambusa sp) se incluíram no grupo C 3. É apresentada uma descrição dos tipos anatômicos encontrados, verificando-se que, de modo geral, as plantas da mesma tribo apresentam o mesmo tipo anatômico de coroa. O estudo demonstra que todas as espécies de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais de importância econômica se incluem no grupo C 4

The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Kenya: results from a nationally representative survey among the public and private sector in 2016

Abstract Background Since 2004, Kenya’s national malaria treatment guidelines have stipulated artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and since 2014, confirmatory diagnosis of malaria in all cases before treatment has been recommended. A number of strategies to support national guidelines have been implemented in the public and private sectors in recent years. A nationally-representative malaria outlet survey, implemented across four epidemiological zones, was conducted between June and August 2016 to provide practical evidence to inform strategies and policies in Kenya towards achieving national malaria control goals. Results A total of 17,852 outlets were screened and 2271 outlets were eligible and interviewed. 78.3% of all screened public health facilities stocked both malaria diagnostic testing and quality-assured ACT (QAACT). Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy was available in 70% of public health facilities in endemic areas where it is recommended for treatment. SP was rarely found in the public sector outside of the endemic areas (< 0.5%). The anti-malaria stocking private sector had lower levels of QAACT (46.7%) and malaria blood testing (20.8%) availability but accounted for majority of anti-malarial distribution (70.6% of the national market share). More than 40% of anti-malarials were distributed by unregistered pharmacies (37.3%) and general retailers (7.1%). QAACT accounted for 58.2% of the total anti-malarial market share, while market share for non-QAACT was 15.8% and for SP, 24.8%. In endemic areas, 74.9% of anti-malarials distributed were QAACT. Elsewhere, QAACT market share was 49.4% in the endemic-prone areas, 33.2% in seasonal-transmission areas and 37.9% in low-risk areas. Conclusion Although public sector availability of QAACT and malaria diagnosis is relatively high, there is a gap in availability of both testing and treatment that must be addressed. The private sector in Kenya, where the majority of anti-malarials are distributed, is also critical for achieving universal coverage with appropriate malaria case management. There is need for a renewed commitment and effective strategies to ensure access to affordable QAACT and confirmatory testing in the private sector, and should consider how to address malaria case management among informal providers responsible for a substantial proportion of the anti-malarial market share

Minimally Invasive Approach for Diagnosing TMJ Osteoarthritis

This study’s objectives were to test correlations among groups of biomarkers that are associated with condylar morphology and to apply artificial intelligence to test shape analysis features in a neural network (NN) to stage condylar morphology in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Seventeen TMJOA patients (39.9 ± 11.7 y) experiencing signs and symptoms of the disease for less than 10 y and 17 age- and sex-matched control subjects (39.4 ± 15.2 y) completed a questionnaire, had a temporomandibular joint clinical exam, had blood and saliva samples drawn, and had high-resolution cone beam computed tomography scans taken. Serum and salivary levels of 17 inflammatory biomarkers were quantified using protein microarrays. A NN was trained with 259 other condyles to detect and classify the stage of TMJOA and then compared to repeated clinical experts’ classifications. Levels of the salivary biomarkers MMP-3, VE-cadherin, 6Ckine, and PAI-1 were correlated to each other in TMJOA patients and were significantly correlated with condylar morphological variability on the posterior surface of the condyle. In serum, VE-cadherin and VEGF were correlated with one another and with significant morphological variability on the anterior surface of the condyle, while MMP-3 and CXCL16 presented statistically significant associations with variability on the anterior surface, lateral pole, and superior-posterior surface of the condyle. The range of mouth opening variables were the clinical markers with the most significant associations with morphological variability at the medial and lateral condylar poles. The repeated clinician consensus classification had 97.8% agreement on degree of degeneration within 1 group difference. Predictive analytics of the NN’s staging of TMJOA compared to the repeated clinicians’ consensus revealed 73.5% and 91.2% accuracy. This study demonstrated significant correlations among variations in protein expression levels, clinical symptoms, and condylar surface morphology. The results suggest that 3-dimensional variability in TMJOA condylar morphology can be comprehensively phenotyped by the NN