Axillary Schwannoma

Schwannomas are tumors originating from schwann cells of the nervous system. They are usually slow-growing, solid, benign tumors. Macroscopically, they are soft yellow tumors that do not invade the surrounding tissues. In this presentation, we aimed to present the patient who was detected in the right axillary region during body scan and was diagnosed as Schwannom after the operation.Key Words: solid, benign, tumorDOI: 10.7176/JHMN/75-0

Self-Supervised Learning with an Information Maximization Criterion

Self-supervised learning allows AI systems to learn effective representations from large amounts of data using tasks that do not require costly labeling. Mode collapse, i.e., the model producing identical representations for all inputs, is a central problem to many self-supervised learning approaches, making self-supervised tasks, such as matching distorted variants of the inputs, ineffective. In this article, we argue that a straightforward application of information maximization among alternative latent representations of the same input naturally solves the collapse problem and achieves competitive empirical results. We propose a self-supervised learning method, CorInfoMax, that uses a second-order statistics-based mutual information measure that reflects the level of correlation among its arguments. Maximizing this correlative information measure between alternative representations of the same input serves two purposes: (1) it avoids the collapse problem by generating feature vectors with non-degenerate covariances; (2) it establishes relevance among alternative representations by increasing the linear dependence among them. An approximation of the proposed information maximization objective simplifies to a Euclidean distance-based objective function regularized by the log-determinant of the feature covariance matrix. The regularization term acts as a natural barrier against feature space degeneracy. Consequently, beyond avoiding complete output collapse to a single point, the proposed approach also prevents dimensional collapse by encouraging the spread of information across the whole feature space. Numerical experiments demonstrate that CorInfoMax achieves better or competitive performance results relative to the state-of-the-art SSL approaches

Effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression on survival in patients with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with first-line chemotherapy and bevacizumab

This study addresses the gap in understanding the prognostic relevance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) expression in metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-based therapy. A retrospective multicenter study (n = 34) explored HIF-1 alpha expression via immunohistochemistry in patients treated with platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly lower in the HIF-1 alpha low score group compared to the high score group (4.9 vs 12.9 months, P = 0.014). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was significantly reduced in the HIF-1 alpha low score group (8.3 vs 20.4 months, P = 0.006). This study, the first of its kind, highlights the prognostic significance of HIF-1 alpha expression in metastatic cervical SCC patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy

Perianal Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer. Exposure to ultraviolet light is an important risk factor for BCC development and the disorder therefore develops commonly on body areas that are more exposed to sunlight, such as the face and neck. It is uncommon in the closed area of the body and quite rare in the perianal and genital regions. Herein, we report a 34-year-old patient with perianal BCC who had no additional risk factors

Adrenal crisis while on high-dose steroid treatment: what rheumatologist should consider?

Steroid treatment is commonly recommended for autoimmune disorders in rheumatology practice. While adrenal crisis may occur upon existence of an inducing factor in patients with known or unknown adrenal insufficiency as well as in those with a suppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis due to chronic steroid use, addisonian crisis rarely develops in patients on supraphysiological doses of steroid and, when emerged, it might be very difficult to recognize. Here, we present a patient who developed adrenal crisis while receiving high-dose methylprednisolone treatment due to retroperitoneal fibrosis and we also discuss possible mechanisms with a brief literature review

Admission-Based Prevalence of Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder in a Catchment Area in Sinop, Turkey

Objective: To provide registry-based prevalence estimates of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar I (BPI) disorders in a defined area of Sinop, Turkey