299 research outputs found
Management of the Interrelationship between Surface Water Quality and Drinking Water Production Process
The rapid growth of the population in Egypt has made an impact on the portable water demand, which requires exploration of raw water sources, developing treatment and distribution systems. The Ismailia canal represents the most distal downstream of the main Nile River. Thus, its water contains all the proceeded pollutants discharged into the Nile. However, the water treatment plants system along this canal must be modified before application. However, this research is being conducted at two surface water treatment plants (Al- Amerya and Mostorud) along the canal. In that manner, to reduce treatment chemical estimation error and consequence obtain the optimal treatment efficiency, this study aims to model the appropriate amount of alum used for the coagulation process taking into consideration the canal surface water quality characteristics. Meanwhile, a predictive nonlinear model for determining the required aluminum sulphate (alum) quantity for studied water treatment plants (WTPs) was developed by considering the interrelationship between canal water quality parameters such as Temperature, pH, Turbidity, and the quantity of Alum required for the mentioned drinking water treatment plants. The model constants were obtained using a least square regression method. Then, many alternative models were developed for quantifying the required alum dosage based on the dominant surface water quality parameters. Comparison of the model simulation with the experimental data showed a good prediction. The study revealed that the optimal coagulant dosing can be predicted from the operating data with accuracy to reduce the number of chemicals being used
Developing Discharge Coefficient Formula for Different Piano Key Weir Characteristics
This study mainly aims to investigate and quantify the influence of piano key weir (PKW) characteristics on its discharge coefficient. Accordingly, based on dimensional analysis, seventy-two experimental runs were carried out using sixteen PKW physical models of various geometric characteristics as well as different flow rates too to develop the target empirical discharge coefficient formula. The analysis highlights that relative length (��/��) and alveoli width (��i/��o) are the most studied effective PKW dimensionless ratios that significantly influence the discharge coefficient. Increasing ��/�� from 1 to 7 leads to noted discharge coefficient values increasing up to 27.15%. While variation Wi/Wo ratio from 0.5 to 2 can cause the discharge coefficient to increase up to 25.28%.The study results were statistically compared with the previously developed models and it has shown good agreement with their outcomes. Considering the proposed discharge coefficient formula, the optimum hydraulic design of the new PKW model can be successfully facilitated by the extrapolation of characteristics of the idealized scale
Monopoles and Holography
We present a holographic theory in AdS_4 whose zero temperature ground state
develops a crystal structure, spontaneously breaking translational symmetry.
The crystal is induced by a background magnetic field, but requires no chemical
potential. This lattice arises from the existence of 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole
solitons in the bulk which condense to form a classical object known as a
monopole wall. In the infra-red, the magnetic field is screened and there is an
emergent SU(2) global symmetry.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figures; v2: ref adde
Quantum gravitational contributions to quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics describes the interactions of electrons and photons.
Electric charge (the gauge coupling constant) is energy dependent, and there is
a previous claim that charge is affected by gravity (described by general
relativity) with the implication that the charge is reduced at high energies.
But that claim has been very controversial with the situation inconclusive.
Here I report an analysis (free from earlier controversies) demonstrating that
that quantum gravity corrections to quantum electrodynamics have a quadratic
energy dependence that result in the reduction of the electric charge at high
energies, a result known as asymptotic freedom.Comment: To be published in Nature. 19 pages LaTeX, no figure
LHC Searches for Non-Chiral Weakly Charged Multiplets
Because the TeV-scale to be probed at the Large Hadron Collider should shed
light on the naturalness, hierarchy, and dark matter problems, most searches to
date have focused on new physics signatures motivated by possible solutions to
these puzzles. In this paper, we consider some candidates for new states that
although not well-motivated from this standpoint are obvious possibilities that
current search strategies would miss. In particular we consider vector
representations of fermions in multiplets of with a lightest neutral
state. Standard search strategies would fail to find such particles because of
the expected small one-loop-level splitting between charged and neutral states.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
Inflation and dark matter in two Higgs doublet models
We consider the Higgs inflation in the extension of the Standard Model with
two Higgs doublets coupled to gravity non-minimally. In the presence of an
approximate global U(1) symmetry in the Higgs sector, both radial and angular
modes of neutral Higgs bosons drive inflation where large non-Gaussianity is
possible from appropriate initial conditions on the angular mode. We also
discuss the case with single-field inflation for which the U(1) symmetry is
broken to a Z_2 subgroup. We show that inflationary constraints, perturbativity
and stability conditions restrict the parameter space of the Higgs quartic
couplings at low energy in both multi- and single-field cases. Focusing on the
inert doublet models where Z_2 symmetry remains unbroken at low energy, we show
that the extra neutral Higgs boson can be a dark matter candidate consistent
with the inflationary constraints. The doublet dark matter is always heavy in
multi-field inflation while it can be light due to the suppression of the
co-annihilation in single-field inflation. The implication of the extra quartic
couplings on the vacuum stability bound is also discussed in the light of the
recent LHC limits on the Higgs mass.Comment: (v1) 28 pages, 8 figures; (v2) 29 pages, a new subsection 3.3 added,
references added and typos corrected, to appear in Journal of High Energy
Physic
Sparticle Spectrum of Large Volume Compactification
We examine the large volume compactification of Type IIB string theory or its
F theory limit and the associated supersymmetry breakdown and soft terms. It is
crucial to incorporate the loop-induced moduli mixing, originating from
radiative corrections to the Kahler potential. We show that in the presence of
moduli mixing, soft scalar masses generically receive a D-term contribution of
the order of the gravitino mass m_{3/2} when the visible sector cycle is
stabilized by the D-term potential of an anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry, while
the moduli-mediated gaugino masses and A-parameters tend to be of the order of
m_{3/2}/8pi^2. It is noticed also that a too large moduli mixing can
destabilize the large volume solution by making it a saddle point.Comment: 29 page
Neutralino versus axion/axino cold dark matter in the 19 parameter SUGRA model
We calculate the relic abundance of thermally produced neutralino cold dark
matter in the general 19 parameter supergravity (SUGRA-19) model. A scan over
GUT scale parameters reveals that models with a bino-like neutralino typically
give rise to a dark matter density \Omega_{\tz_1}h^2\sim 1-1000, i.e. between 1
and 4 orders of magnitude higher than the measured value. Models with higgsino
or wino cold dark matter can yield the correct relic density, but mainly for
neutralino masses around 700-1300 GeV. Models with mixed bino-wino or
bino-higgsino CDM, or models with dominant co-annihilation or A-resonance
annihilation can yield the correct abundance, but such cases are extremely hard
to generate using a general scan over GUT scale parameters; this is indicative
of high fine-tuning of the relic abundance in these cases. Requiring that
m_{\tz_1}\alt 500 GeV (as a rough naturalness requirement) gives rise to a
minimal probably dip in parameter space at the measured CDM abundance. For
comparison, we also scan over mSUGRA space with four free parameters. Finally,
we investigate the Peccei-Quinn augmented MSSM with mixed axion/axino cold dark
matter. In this case, the relic abundance agrees more naturally with the
measured value. In light of our cumulative results, we conclude that future
axion searches should probe much more broadly in axion mass, and deeper into
the axion coupling.Comment: 23 pages including 17 .eps figure
The Cosmological Constant
This is a review of the physics and cosmology of the cosmological constant.
Focusing on recent developments, I present a pedagogical overview of cosmology
in the presence of a cosmological constant, observational constraints on its
magnitude, and the physics of a small (and potentially nonzero) vacuum energy.Comment: 50 pages. Submitted to Living Reviews in Relativity
(http://www.livingreviews.org/), December 199
Warped Radion Inflation
We show that the radion in a warped geometry bounded by two branes can have a
potential suitable for inflation. Our construction is based upon a solution
known in string theory as the linear dilaton, in which the back-reaction from a
bulk scalar \Phi is exactly accounted for. The radion, stabilized by \Phi, is
much heavier than the TeV scale and its couplings to the standard model are
much more suppressed than in the usual Randall-Sundrum solution. We present a
new formalism for obtaining approximate time-dependent solutions, based on
perturbing the exact solution to the coupled Einstein and scalar field
equations in the bulk. It allows the radion potential to be computed directly
in terms of the brane potentials for \Phi. We show that simple exponential
potentials on the branes can lead to a 4D radion potential with a flattened
hilltop form, yielding inflation with a spectral index of typically n_s=0.96
and no higher than 0.99. With more complicated brane potentials, the descent
from the hilltop can be a linear potential, giving a tensor-to-scalar ratio as
large as r=0.07 with n_s=0.974. The couplings of the radion to the standard
model particles are dictated by general covariance, so the details of reheating
are explicitly calculable, leading to a reheat temperature of at least 10^7
GeV. The quantum corrections to the inflaton potential from its couplings to
matter are also calculable and are shown to be small, so that the prediction
for the shape of the potential is under theoretical control, even with
superPlanckian field excursions.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figure
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