21,457 research outputs found
ANALISA KEANDALAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI 20 kV PADA PENYULANG PT. PLN (PERSERO) ULP TANJUNG MENGGUNAKAN METODE SECTION TECHNIQUE-RIA
Resilience and reliability in distributing electricity is crucial and needs to always be maintained in order to meet consumer needs. Several aspects that indicate the reliability of an electricity distribution system include the continuity of the available energy supply for 24 hours accurately
In evaluating the reliability of distribution networks, several indicators are used. One of them is SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency index), which is used as a reliability indicator based on the number of disturbances that occur on average over 12 months.
Then, SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) becomes an indicator that measures the duration of interruptions experienced by customers during a 12 month period. Meanwhile, CAIDI (Customer Average Interruption Duration Index) is an index that measures the average duration of disruption experienced by consumers over 12 months.
Calculation results using the SECTION TECHNIQUE-RIA method for the SLG 04 feeder, where this index value was obtained using Microsoft Excel software. SAIDI is 0.7 times/customer/year while the SAIFI index value is 1.9 hours/customer/year. Then the CAIDI index value is 1.3. The results obtained through MATLAB are the SAIDI reliability index of 0.9 times/customer/year and SAIFI of 2.0 hours/customer/year, and CAIDI 1.3 hours/customer
Peer Review Certifies Quality and Innovation in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (CPT) is an established voice of the discipline, a trusted source of new knowledge showcasing discovery, translation, and application of novel therapeutic paradigms to advance the management of patients and populations. Identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and disseminating the best science along the discovery-development-regulatory-utilization continuum are responsibilities shared through peer review. To enhance the uniformity of this essential component of quality assurance and innovation, and maximize the value of the journal and its contents to authors, reviewers, and the readership, we review key concepts concerning peer review as it specifically relates to CPT
Yeasts
Yeasts are a group of eukaryotic microfungi with a well-defined cell wall whose growth is either entirely unicellular or a combination of hyphal and unicellular reproduction. The approximately 1500 known yeast species belong to two distinct fungal phyla, the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota. Within each these phyla, yeasts can be found in several subphyla or classes, reflecting the enormous diversity of their evolutionary origins and biochemical properties. In nature, yeasts are found mainly in association with plants or animals but are also present in soil and aquatic environments. Yeasts grow rapidly and have simple nutritional requirements, for which reason they have been used as model systems in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. They were the first microorganisms to be domesticated for the production of beer, bread or wine, and they continue to be used for the benefit of humanity in the production of many important health care and industrial commodities, including recombinant proteins, biopharmaceuticals, biocontrol agents and biofuels. The best-known yeast is the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which may be regarded as the worldβs foremost industrial microbe
Generalizing the Planck distribution
Along the lines of nonextensive statistical mechanics, based on the entropy
, and Beck-Cohen
superstatistics, we heuristically generalize Planck's statistical law for the
black-body radiation. The procedure is based on the discussion of the
differential equation (with ),
whose particular case leads to the celebrated law, as originally shown by
Planck himself in his October 1900 paper. Although the present generalization
is mathematically simple and elegant, we have unfortunately no physical
application of it at the present moment. It opens nevertheless the door to a
type of approach that might be of some interest in more complex, possibly
out-of-equilibrium, phenomena.Comment: 6 pages, including 2 figures. To appear in {\it Complexity,
Metastability and Nonextensivity}, Proc. 31st Workshop of the International
School of Solid State Physics (20-26 July 2004, Erice-Italy), eds. C. Beck,
A. Rapisarda and C. Tsallis (World Scientific, Singapore, 2005
Faster Algorithms for the Maximum Common Subtree Isomorphism Problem
The maximum common subtree isomorphism problem asks for the largest possible
isomorphism between subtrees of two given input trees. This problem is a
natural restriction of the maximum common subgraph problem, which is -hard in general graphs. Confining to trees renders polynomial time
algorithms possible and is of fundamental importance for approaches on more
general graph classes. Various variants of this problem in trees have been
intensively studied. We consider the general case, where trees are neither
rooted nor ordered and the isomorphism is maximum w.r.t. a weight function on
the mapped vertices and edges. For trees of order and maximum degree
our algorithm achieves a running time of by
exploiting the structure of the matching instances arising as subproblems. Thus
our algorithm outperforms the best previously known approaches. No faster
algorithm is possible for trees of bounded degree and for trees of unbounded
degree we show that a further reduction of the running time would directly
improve the best known approach to the assignment problem. Combining a
polynomial-delay algorithm for the enumeration of all maximum common subtree
isomorphisms with central ideas of our new algorithm leads to an improvement of
its running time from to ,
where is the order of the larger tree, is the number of different
solutions, and is the minimum of the maximum degrees of the input
trees. Our theoretical results are supplemented by an experimental evaluation
on synthetic and real-world instances
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