Larval Susceptiblity Of Aedes Aegypti And Culex Quinquefasciatus Populations To Chemical Insecticides [susceptibilidade Larval De Populações De Aedes Aegypti E Culex Quinquefasciatus A Inseticidas Químicos]

Objective. To evaluate the susceptibility to chemical insecticides of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypt larvae from areas subjected to control treatments or not. Methods. Bioassays for diagnostic concentration and multiple concentration were performed for organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides according to World Health Organization parameters. The susceptibility was assessed for mosquito larvae collected from an area not subjected to chemical control (Campinas, State of São Paulo, SP) and from other areas (Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, and Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, MT), in Brazil, subjected to such treatments. Results. Tests for Culex quinquefasciatus larvae from Campinas, SP allowed suspicion of resistance to cypermethrin and gave evidence of resistance to cyfluthrin. Larvae of this species collected in Campo Grande, MS, and Campinas, SP, presented resistance to temephos. For the colony from the latter locality, the following resistance rates were established: RR50=6.36 and RR95=4.94, in relation to a standard susceptible strain. Moreover tests for Aedes aegypti showed similar susceptibility to temephos for a field population from Cuiabá, MT, and a laboratory population. Conclusions. The results indicate resistance of Culex quinquefasciatus to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and make evident the need for evaluation and monitoring of the efficiency of insecticides to be used in mosquito control programs.374523527Bisset, J., Rodríguez, M., Soca, A., Cross-resistance to malathion in Cuba Culex quinquefasciatus induced by larval selection with deltamethrin (1998) Med. Vet. Entomol., 12, pp. 109-112Bracco, J.E., Dalbon, M., Marinotti, O., Barata, J.M.S., Resistência a inseticidas organofosforados e carbamatos em população de Culex quinquefasciatus (1997) Rev. Saúde Pública, 31, pp. 182-183Bracco, J.E., Barata, J.M.S., Marinotti, O., Evaluation of insecticide resistance in a population of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from São Paulo, Brazil (1999) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 94, pp. 115-120Brown, A.W.A., Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: A pragmatic review (1986) J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 2, pp. 123-140Campos, J., Andrade, C.F.S., Susceptibilidade larval de duas populações de Aedes aegypti a inseticidas químicos (2001) Rev. Saúde Pública, 35, pp. 232-236Campos, J., Andrade, C.F.S., Recco Pimentel, S.M., Malpighian tubule polytene chromosomes of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicinae) (2003) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 98, pp. 383-386Cutkomp, L.K., Subramanyam, B., Toxicity of pyrethroids to Aedes aegypti larvae in relation to temperature (1986) J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 3, pp. 347-349Fernández, D.M., Rodríguez, M., Bisset, J., Perez, E., (1999) J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 15, p. 421. , Identification of esterase resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from Carabobo State, Venezuela in Summaries of Mosquito Vector Control and Biology in Latin America - A Ninth Symposium, St. Louis, MO, February 1999González, T., Bisset, J.A., Díaz, C., Rodríguez, M.M., Brandolini, M.B., Insecticide resistance in a Culex quinquefasciatus strain from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1999) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 94, pp. 121-122(1987), LeOra Software. Polo-PC, probit or logit analysis. Berkeley (CA)Reyes-Lugo, M., Neus, M., Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefascitus Say 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) from Zulia State, Venezuela (2000) Rev. Cient-Fac Cienc. Veter., 10, pp. 441-447Yébakima, A., Yp-Tcha, M.M., Reiter, P., Bisset, J., Delay, B., Chevillon, C., Pasteur, N., Detoxifying esterases in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from the caribbean countries (1995) J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 11, pp. 363-366Vector resistance to pesticides (1992), World Health Organization. Geneva(WHO - Technical Report

Evaluation Of Electronic Mosquito-repelling Devices Using Aedes Albopictus (skuse) (diptera: Culicidae) [avaliação De Aparelhos Eletrônicos Repelentes De Mosquitos Usandose Aedes Albopictus (skuse) (diptera: Culicidae)]

The mosquito-repelling devices Anti-Pic®, Mosquito Repeller® DX-600 and Bye-Bye Mosquito® were evaluated in boxes for experimentation by exposing human hands to Aedes albopictus (Skuse) adults. Two sets of tests were performed based on 15 min. expositions. In the first set both hands were introduced in the box, one of them holding the device on. In the second set only one hand was introduced each time, holdind the device on or off. The devices failed to show efficiency in both evaluations. A seemingly 30.3% repellency due to Anti-Pic® in the first set of experiments was not confirmed in the second set. It was discussed the value of such devices for dengue prevention.303497499Belton, P., An acoustic evaluation of electronic repellers (1981) Mosquito News, 41, pp. 751-755Belton, P., Attraction of male mosquitoes to sound (1994) J. Amer. Mosq. Control. Assoc, 10, pp. 297-301Combemale, P., Deruaz, D., Villanova, D., Guilaumont, P., Les insectifuges ou les répellents (1992) Ann. Dermatol. Venereol, 119, pp. 411-434Curtis, C.F., Fact and fiction in mosquito attraction and repulsion (1986) Parasitol. Today, 2, pp. 316-318Foster, W.A., Lutes, K.I., Tests of ultrasonic emissions on mosquito attraction to host is a flight chamber (1985) J. Amer. Mosq. Control. Assoc, 1, pp. 199-202Fradin, M.S., Mosquitoes and mosquito repellent: A clinician's guide (1998) An. Int. Med, 128, pp. 931-940Rutledge, L.C., Wirtz, R.A., Buescher, M.D., Mehr, Z.A., Mathematical models of the effectiveness and persistence of mosquito repellents (1985) J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc, 1, pp. 56-62Singleton, R.E., Evaluation of two mosquito-repelling devices (1977) Mosquito News, 37, pp. 195-199Wishart, G., Riordan, D.F., Flight responses to various sounds by adult males of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) (1959) Can. Entomol., 91, pp. 181-19

Avaliação preliminar de óleos essenciais de plantas como repelentes para Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Óleos essenciais de plantas têm sido formulados de forma caseira ou colocados no mercado de forma artesanal para repelir mosquitos hematófagos. O presente trabalho avaliou o possível efeito repelente de alguns excipientes normalmente usados em formulações comerciais e de óleos essenciais de nove plantas, sobre fêmeas de Aedes albopictus. Os testes foram realizados em caixas contendo mosquitos, oferecendo-se uma área definida de dedos da mão tratados ou não. Exceto pelo creme Lanatte e os géis de carbopol, as substâncias excipientes avaliadas mostraram ação repelente. Apenas os óleos provenientes de citronela (5 e 10%) resultaram em repelência expressiva, com índices médiosde proteção acimade 98%. Os resultados indicam que a metodologia empregada é adequada para a avaliação preliminar de produtos com potencial para a repelência de mosquitos

Richness And Composition Of Calliphoridae In An Atlantic Forest Fragment: Implication For The Use Of Dipteran Species As Bioindicators

Studies measuring the damage in degraded environments have increased, and it is necessary to obtain reliable biological and ecological indicators for the recovery of such degraded environments and subsequent preservation. This study aimed to conduct a survey of local insects and evaluate their utility in monitoring forest restoration in a degraded area in the Atlantic Forest biome in Ribeirao Grande, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Collections with Shuey traps were conducted from 2006 to 2011 in four distinct forest fragments characterized by environmental impacts, human actions, and phytophysiognomic profiles: Forest (FO), a preserved area with native plant species; "Capoeira" (CA), an area in the natural regeneration process; Planting (PL), an area reforested with native plants; and Pasture (PA), an area with only shrubs. A total of 2,456 specimens of Calliphoridae (Diptera) were collected. Mesembrinella bellardiana was the most abundant (n = 1,884) and dominant species in all environments sampled. The relative abundance of M. bellardiana in the most preserved environment (60.2 % FO, 24.4 % CA, 8.6 % PL, and 6.7 % PA) and other ecological parameters showed that it could be a bioindicator species, i.e., data on its presence or absence directly reflected the status of local preservation. Information on Neotropical dipterans associated with the forested environment is very scarce in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the occurrence of Calliphora lopesi (Calliphoridae) in the State of São Paulo. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.221126352643Ayres, M., Ayres-Jr, M., Ayres, D.L., Santos, A.A.S., (2003) BioEstat 3.0-Aplicações Estatísticas Nas Áreas Das Ciências Bio-Médicas, p. 291. , Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá(2012) Banco de Dados Metereológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa, , http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa, BDMEP Acessed 12 Sept 2012Bizzo, L., Gottschalk, M.S., De Toni, D.C., Hofmann, P.R.P., Seasonal dynamics of a drosophilid (Diptera) assemblage and its potencial as bioindicator in open environments (2010) Iheringia Zool, 100, pp. 185-191Bonatto, S.R., (2001) Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellinae stat. restaur. (Diptera, Caliphoridae), , PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do ParanáBrown, K.S., Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring (1997) J Insect Conserv, 1, pp. 25-42Brown, K.S., Hutchings, R.W., Disturbance, fragmentation, and the dynamics of diversity in Amazonian forest butterflies (1997) Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities, p. 632. , W. F. Laurance and R. O. Bierregaard-Jr (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago PressCarvalho, C.J.B., Ribeiro, P.B., Chave de identificação das espécies de Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Sul do Brasil (2000) Rev Bras Parasitol V, 9, pp. 169-173D'Almeida, J.M., Lopes, H.S., Sinantropia de Dípteros Muscóides (Calliphoridae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1983) Arq Univ Fed Rural, 6, pp. 39-48Dean, W., (2004) A Ferro E Fogo: A História E a Devastação Da Mata Atlântica Brasileira, p. 484. , São Paulo: Companhia das LetrasDidham, R.K., An overview of invertebrate responses to forest fragmentation (1997) Forests and Insects, pp. 301-318. , In: Watt AD, Stork NE, Hunter MD (eds) Chapman and Hall, London 424Doge, J.S., Valente, V.L.S., Hofmann, P.R.P., Drosophilids (Diptera) from an Atlantic Forest Area in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil (2008) Rev Bras Entomol, 52, pp. 615-624Esposito, M.C., Carvalho, F.S., (2006) Composição e abundância de califorídeos e mesembrinelídeos (Insecta, Diptera) nas clareiras e matas da base de extração petrolífera, Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, , http://projetos.inpa.gov.br/ctpetro/workshop_site/Resumos_pt1/pdf/04CALIFORIDEOS_CRISTINA_REVISADO.pdf, Accessed 11 oct 2012Ferraz, A.C.P., Gadelha, B.Q., Aguiar-Coelho, V.M., Influência Climática e Antrópica na Abundância e Riqueza de Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Fragmento Florestal da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, RJ (2010) Neotrop Entomol, 39, pp. 476-485Ferreira, M.J.M., Lacerda, P.V., Muscóides sinantrópicos associados ao lixo urbano em Goiânia, Goiás (1993) Rev Bras Zool, 10, pp. 185-195Gadelha, B.Q., Ferraz, A.C.P., Aguiar-Coelho, V.M., A importância dos mesembrinelíneos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) e seu potencial como indicadores de preservação ambiental (2009) Oecol Bras, 13, pp. 661-665Greenberg, B., (1971) Flies and Diseases. Ecology, Classification and Biotic Association, p. 856. , 1st edn., Princeton: Princeton UniversityGreenberg, B., Flies and diseases (1973) Biology and disease transmission, p. 447. , 1st edn. Princeton University, PrincetonGuimarães, J.H., A systematic revision of the Mesembrinellidae, stat. nov. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) (1977) Arq Zool, 29, pp. 1-109Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T., Ryan, P.D., PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and analysis (2001) Paleontol Elet, 4, pp. 1-9Holloway, J.D., Bradley, J.D., Carter, J.D., (1987) Guides to Insects of Importance to Man. Lepidoptera, 1, p. 62. , Wallingford: C.A.B. InternationalHuston, A.H., (1995) Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes, p. 681. , Cambridge: Cambridge University(2012) Ecossistemas brasileiros-Mata Atlântica, , http://www.ibama.gov.br/ecossistemas/mata_atlantica.htm, IBAMA Acessed 03 Oct 2012Köeppen, W.P., (1948) Climatología, p. 478. , México: Fondo de Cultura Econo^micaKremen, C., Colwell, R.K., Erwin, T.L., Murphy, D.D., Noss, R.F., Sanjayan, M.A., Terrestrial arthropod assemblages: their use in conservation planning (1993) Conserv Biol, 7, pp. 796-808Leandro, M.J.F., Dalmeida, J.M., Levantamento de Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em um fragmento de mata na Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2005) Iheringia Ser Zool, 95, pp. 377-381Linhares, A.X., Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (1981) Rev Bras Entomol, 25, pp. 189-215Linhares, A.X., Thyssen, P.J., Miíases de Importância Médica-Moscas e Entomologia Forense (2007) Parasitologia Clínica-Seleção De Métodos E Técnicas De Laboratório Para O Diagnóstico Das Parasitoses Humanas, p. 906. , 2nd edn., G. A. CarliDe (Ed.), São Paulo: Ed. AtheneuMagurran, A.E., (1988) Ecological diversity and Its measurement, p. 192. , Princeton University, PrincetonMargalef, R., Diversidad de especies en las comunidades naturales (1951) Publ Inst Biol Apl Barcelona, 9, pp. 5-27Mariluis, J.C., Schnack, J.A., Muzón, J., Spinelli, G.R., Flies of the families Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae from Puerto Iguazú. Species composition and ecology (Insecta, Diptera) (1990) Graellsia, 46, pp. 7-18Mata, R.A., McGeoch, M., Tidon, R., Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna (2008) Biodivers Conserv, 17, pp. 2899-2916Mata, R.A., McGeoch, M.A., Tidon, R., Drosophilids (Insecta, Diptera) as tools for conservation biology (2010) Nat Cons, 8, pp. 60-65McGeoch, M.A., The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators (1998) Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 73, pp. 181-201Mello, R.P., Chave para identificação das formas adultas das espécies da família Calliphoridae (Diptera, Brachycera, Cyclorrhapha) encontradas no Brasil (2003) Entomol Vect, 10, pp. 255-268Moreno, C.E., (2001) Métodos para medir la biodiversidad, 1, p. 84. , M&T-Manuales y Tesis SEA, ZaragozaNave, A.G., (2005) Banco de sementes autóctone e alóctone, resgate de plantas e plantio de vegetação nativa na Fazenda Intermontes, município de Ribeirão Grande, SP, , PhD. Thesis, Universidade de São PauloOfferman, H.L., Dale, V.H., Pearson, S.M., Bierregaard-Jr, R.O., O'Neill, R.V., Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability (1995) Environ Rev, 3, pp. 191-211Rodrigues, W.C., (2007) DivEs - Diversidade de Espécies - Guia do Usuário. Seropédica: Entomologistas do Brasil, , http://www.ebras.bio.br/dives/, Accessed 15 Aug 2012Shuey, J.A., An optimizing portable bait trap for quantitative sampling of butterflies (1997) Trop Lep, 8, pp. 1-4Sousa, J.R.P., Esposito, M.C., Carvalho Filho, F.S., Composition, abundance and richness of Sarcophagidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in forests and forest gaps with different vegetation cover (2011) Neotrop Entomol, 40, pp. 20-27Sousa, J.R.P., Esposito, M.C., Carvalho Filho, F.S., Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration in the Urucu oilfield in western Brazilian Amazonia (2011) Rev Bras Entomol, 55, pp. 578-582Summerville, K.S., Boulware, M.J., Veech, J.A., Crist, T.O., Spatial variation in species diversity and composition of forest Lepidoptera in eastern deciduous forests of North America (2003) Conserv Biol, 17, pp. 1045-105