Fluctuation of the Initial Conditions and Its Consequences on Some Observables

We show effects of the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions (IC) in hydrodynamic description of high-energy nuclear collisions on some observables. Such IC produce not only fluctuations in observables but, due to their bumpy structure, several non-trivial effects appear. They enhance production of isotropically distributed high-pT particles, making v2 smaller there. Also, they reduce v2 in the forward and backward regions where the global matter density is smaller, so where such effects become more efficacious. They may also produce the so-called ridge effect in the two large-pT particle correlation.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, presented at the IV Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy (WPCF2008), Krakow, Poland, 11-14 Sep 200

Reprodução de Meloidogyne javanica em algumas plantas daninhas de ocorrência freqüente na Regiao Oeste do Brasil.

bitstream/item/39434/1/Cot19-97.pd

Disseminação pelo vento do nematóide de cisto da soja (Heterodera glycines).

bitstream/item/39430/1/cot16-96.pd

Reprodução do nematoide de galhas em plantas forrageiras utilizadas em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária.

bitstream/item/39450/1/Cot28-98.pd

Molecular gas in AzTEC/C159: a star-forming disk galaxy 1.3 Gyr after the Big Bang

We studied the molecular gas properties of AzTEC/C159, a star-forming disk galaxy at z = 4.567, in order to better constrain the nature of the high-redshift end of the submillimeter-selected galaxy (SMG) population. We secured ^(12)CO molecular line detections for the J = 2 →1 and J = 5 →4 transitions using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer. The broad (FWHM ~ 750 km s^(−1)) and tentative double-peaked profiles of the two ^(12)CO lines are consistent with an extended molecular gas reservoir, which is distributed in a rotating disk, as previously revealed from [CII] 158 μm line observations. Based on the 12CO(2 →1) emission line, we derived L′_(CO)=(3.4±0.6)×10^(10) K km s^(−1) pc^2, which yields a molecular gas mass of M_(H2)(α_(CO)/4.3)=(1.5±0.3)×10^(11) M⊙ and unveils a gas-rich system with μ_(gas)(α_(CO)/4.3)≡M_(H2)/M⋆=3.3±0.7. The extreme star formation efficiency of AzTEC/C159, parametrized by the ratio L_(IR)/L′_(CO)=(216±80) L⊙ (K km s^(−1) pc^2)^(−1), is comparable to merger-driven starbursts such as local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies and SMGs. Likewise, the ^(12)CO(5 →4)/CO(2 →1) line brightness temperature ratio of r_(52)= 0.55 ± 0.15 is consistent with high-excitation conditions as observed in SMGs. Based on mass budget considerations, we constrained the value for the L′_(CO) – H_2 mass conversion factor in AzTEC/C159, that is, α_(CO)=3.9_(−1.3)^(+2.7) M⊙ K^(−1) km^(−1) s pc^(−2), which is consistent with a self-gravitating molecular gas distribution as observed in local star-forming disk galaxies. Cold gas streams from cosmological filaments might be fueling a gravitationally unstable gas-rich disk in AzTEC/C159, which breaks into giant clumps and forms stars as efficiently as in merger-driven systems and generates high gas excitation. These results support the evolutionary connection between AzTEC/C159-like systems and massive quiescent disk galaxies at z ~ 2