Morphometric Analyses Of Two Species Of Scolelepis (polychaeta: Spionidae)

Seven hundred and six specimens of Scolelepis cf. chilensis and 551 specimens of Scolelepis goodbodyi were analysed. Individuals of each species were classified according to sex (male, female, and immature individuals). Width (w) and height (h) of setigers 3 and 5, the position of the first and the last gametogenic setigers, the total number of setigers, and the total length of each worm were measured. The area and volume of the setigers were estimated. Discriminant analysis was used to determine whether there were sexually dimorphic features, apart from the presence of gametes. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between each parameter and the number of setigers. Scolelepis cf. chilensis was found to be significantly larger than S. goodbodyi (t=21.71 and t=36.44, P<0.05 for length and number of setigers, respectively). These species also differed in the position of the first gametogenic setiger, which averaged 27 (SD=3) in S. cf. chilensis and 22 (SD=1) in S. goodbodyi (t= 29.18, P<0.05). There were no sexually dimorphic features in either sex of S. cf. chilensis (Wilks' lambda=0.9675, P>0.05, eigenvalue=0.034) or S. goodbodyi (Wilks' lambda=0.8429, P>0.05, eigenvalue=0.186). The total length showed the strongest correlation with the number of setigers in both species (r2=0.887 and 0.850 for S. cf. chilensis and S. goodbodyi, respectively), followed by the width and the volume of setigers.854829834Amaral, A.C.Z., Morgado, E.H., Salvador, L.B., Poliquetas bioindicadores de poluição orgânica em praias paulistas (1998) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 58, pp. 307-316Ambrogi, R., Secondary production of Prionospio caspersi (Annelida: Polychaeta: Spionidae) (1990) Marine Biology, 104, pp. 437-442Ambrogi, R., Fontana, P., Riccobene, P., Population dynamics and secondary production of the spionid polychaete Prionospio caspersi in front of the Po River Delta (1993) Vie et Milieu, 43, pp. 165-172Anderson, R.O., A modified flotation technique for sorting bottom fauna samples (1959) Limnology and Oceanography, 4, pp. 223-225Blake, J.A., Life history analysis of five dominant infaunal polychaete species from the continental slope off North Carolina (1993) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73, pp. 123-141Blake, J.A., Family Spionidae Grube, 1850 (1996) The Annelida. Part 3. Vol. 6. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae, 6, pp. 81-224. , ed. J.A. Blake et al., Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural HistoryBridges, T.S., Reproductive investment in four developmental morphs of Streblospio benedicti (Polychaeta: Spionidae) (1993) Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 184, pp. 144-152Bridges, T.S., Levin, L.A., Cabrera, D., Plaia, G., Effects of sediment amended with sewage, algae, or hydrocarbons on growth and reproduction in two opportunistic polychaetes (1994) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 177, pp. 99-119Desrosiers, G., Vincent, B., Retière, C., Boucher, L., Comparison de critères utilisables pour l'étude de la structure des populations du polychète Nereis virens (Sars) (1988) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, pp. 1454-1459Fauchald, K., A morphometric study of eunicid polychaetes from Belize, Western Caribbean Sea (1991) Ophelia, Supplement, 5, pp. 47-53Glasby, C.J., Population structure and reproductive biology of Ceratonereis limnetica (Polychaeta: Nereididae) at Lower Portland, Hawkesbury River, Australia (1986) Marine Biology, 90, pp. 589-595Gould, S.J., Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny (1966) Biological Reviews, 41, pp. 587-640Grassle, J.F., Grassle, J.G., Opportunistic life histories and genetic systems in marine benthic polychaetes (1974) Journal of Marine Research, 32, pp. 253-284Gudmundsson, H., Life history patterns of polychaete species of the family Spionidae (1985) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65, pp. 93-111Hsieh, H.L., Larval development and substrate preference at settlement in Pseudopolydora diopatra (Polychaeta: Spionidae) (1994) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 25, pp. 205-214Knox, C.A., The role of polychaetes in benthic soft-bottom communities (1977) Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, pp. 547-604. , ed. D.J. Reish and K. Fauchauld, Los Angeles: Allan Hancock FoundationLardicci, C., Ceccherelli, G., Rossi, F., Streblospio shrubsolii (Polychaeta: Spionidae): Temporal fluctuations in size and reproductive activity (1997) Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 38, pp. 207-214Levin, L.A., Effects of enrichment on reproduction in the opportunistic polychaete Streblospio benedicti (Webster): A mesocosm study (1986) Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 171, pp. 143-160Levin, L.A., Huggett, D.V., Implications of alternative reproductive modes for seasonality and demography in an estuarine polychaete (1990) Ecology, 71, pp. 2191-2208Lewis, J.B., Reproduction, larval development and functional relationships of the burrowing, spionid polychaete Dipolydora armata with the calcareous hydrozoan Millepora complanata (1998) Marine Biology, 130, pp. 651-662Manly, B.F.J., (1998) Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, 2nd Edn., , London: Chapman & HallMarsh, A.G., Tenore, K.R., The role of nutrition in regulating the population dynamics of opportunistic, surface deposit feeders in a mesohaline community (1990) Limnology and Oceanography, 35, pp. 710-724Martin, D., Grémare, A., Secondary production of Capitella sp. (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) inhabiting different organically enriched environments (1997) Scientia Marina, 61, pp. 99-109Méndez, N., Romero, J., Flos, J., Population dynamics and production of the polychaete Capitella capitata in the littoral zone of Barcelona (Spain, NW Mediterranean) (1997) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 218, pp. 263-284Omena, E.P., Amaral, A.C.Z., Population dynamics and secondary production of Laeonereis acuta (Treadwell, 1923) (Nereididae: Polychaeta) (2000) Bulletin of Marine Science, 67, pp. 421-431Omena, E.P., Amaral, A.C.Z., Morphometric study of the nereidid Laeonereis acuta (Annelida: Polychaeta) (2001) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81, pp. 423-426Richards, S.L., Spawning and reproductive morphology of Scolelepis squamata (Spionidae: Polychaeta) (1970) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 48, pp. 1369-1379Santos, P.J.P., Morphodynamical influence of a temporary freshwater stream on the population dynamics of Scolelepis gaucha (Polychaeta: Spionidae) on a sandy beach in southern Brazil (1991) Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, pp. 657-664Santos, P.J.P., Population dynamics and production of Scolelepis gaucha (Polychaeta: Spionidae) on the sandy beaches of southern Brazil (1994) Marine Ecology Progress Series, 110, pp. 159-165Sardá, R., Martin, D., Populations of Streblospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in temperate zones: demography and production (1993) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73, pp. 769-784Seitz, R.D., Schaffner, L.C., Population ecology and secondary production of the polychaete Loimia medusa (Terebellidae) (1995) Marine Biology, 121, pp. 701-711Shimizu, R.M., (1997) Ecologia Populacional de Scolelepis Squamata (Müller, 1806) (Polychaeta: Spionidae) e Callichirus Major (Say, 1818) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidae) Da Praia de Barequeçaba (São Sebastião, SP), , PhD thesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilSouza, J.R.B., Borzone, C.A., Population dynamics and secondary production of Scolelepis squamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in an exposed sandy beach, southern Brazil (2000) Bulletin of Marine Science, 67, pp. 221-233Steimle, F.W., Kinner, P., Howe, S., Leathem, W., Polychaete population dynamics and production in the New York Bight associated with variable levels of sediment contamination (1990) Ophelia, 31, pp. 105-123Teissier, G., Relative growth (1960) The Physiology of Crustacea, 1, pp. 537-560. , ed. T.H. Waterman, New York: Academic PressVázquez, F.C., Rojas, D.A., Estimación de la producción secundaria de Paraprionospio pinnata (Spionidae, Polychaeta) frente a Bahía de Concepción, Chile (1980) Boletim Do Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, 29, pp. 79-82Warwick, R.M., Price, R., Macrofauna production in an estuarine mudflat (1975) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, pp. 1-18Warwick, R.M., George, C.L., Davies, J.R., Annual macrofauna production in a Venus community (1978) Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 7, pp. 215-241Williams, J.D., Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines (2001) Invertebrate Biology, 120, pp. 237-247Wilson, W.H., Sexual reproductive modes in polychaetes: Classification and diversity (1991) Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, pp. 500-516Yokoyama, H., Effects of temperature on the feeding activity and growth rate of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. 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Arm Regeneration In Two Populations Of Ophionereis Reticulata (echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) [regeneração Dos Braços Em Duas Populações De Ophionereis Reticulata (echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)]

This study compared the arm regeneration frequencies in two different populations of Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) in São Sebastião, Southeast Brazil and observed arm regeneration between age classes (juvenile and adults) and sexes (male and female). From the 1,170 individuals sampled, 1,089 (92.2%) showed signs of arm regeneration. The relative frequencies of regenerating arms in the two areas were not different (Baleeiro Isthmus: 91.3% and Grande Beach: 99.5%). Both areas also presented similar values for the number of arms regenerating/individual and in the frequency of regenerating individuals. The major part of the regenerating scars was concentrated in the distal portion of the arm. Sub-lethal predation is most likely the cause to the high rates of arm regeneration in O. reticulata. There was no significant differences in the regeneration rates between females (3.57 ± 1.36 arms regenerating/individual) and males (3.47 ± 1.42).1002123127Bourgoin, A., Guillou, M., Arm regeneration in two populations of Acrocnida brachiata (Montagu) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in Douarnenez Bay, (Brittany: France): An ecological significance (1994) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 184 (1), pp. 123-139Bowmer, T., Keegan, B.F., Field survey of the occurrence and significance of the regeneration in Amphiura filiformis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Galway, West coast of Ireland (1983) Marine Biology, 74 (1), pp. 65-71Brooks, R.A., Nizinski, M.S., Ross, S.W., Sulak, K.J., Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities (2007) Marine Biology, 152 (2), pp. 307-314Buchanan, J.B., A comparative study of some of the features of the biology of Amphiura filiformis and Amphiura chiajei (Ophiuroidea) considered in relation to their distribution (1964) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 44 (3), pp. 565-576Byrne, M., Reproduction, development and population biology of the Caribbean ophiuroid Ophionereis olivacea, a protandric hermaphrodite that broods its young (1991) Marine Biology, 111 (3), pp. 387-399Clements, L.A.J., Bell, S.S., Kurdziel, J.P., Abundance and arm loss of the infaunal brittlestar Ophiophragmus filograneus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with an experimental determination of regeneration rates in natural and planted seagrass beds (1994) Marine Biology, 121 (1), pp. 97-104Davis, J.P., Stephens, G.C., Rice, M.A., Net entry of amino acids into the brittle star Ophioneresis annulata (1985) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 81 (4), pp. 899-903Duineveld, G.C.A., Van Noort, G.J., Observations on the population dynamics of Amphiura filiformis (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata) in the southern North Sea and its exploitation by the dab, Limanda limanda (1986) Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 20 (1), pp. 85-94Emson, R.H., Wilkie, I.C., Fission and autotomy in echinoderms (1980) Oceanography and Marine Biology, an Annual Review, 18, pp. 155-250Fielman, K.T., Stancyk, S.E., Dobson, W.E., Clements, L.A.J., Effects of disc and arm loss on regeneration by Microphiopholis gracillima (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in nutrient-free seawater (1991) Marine Biology, 111 (1), pp. 121-127Hendler, G., Miller, J.E., Pawson, D.L., Kier, P.M., (1995) Sea Stars, Sea urchins, and Allies - Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean, p. 390. , Washington, Smithsonian InstitutionLawrence, J.M., Vasquez, J., The effect of sublethal predation on the biology of echinoderms (1996) Oceanologica Acta, 19 (3-4), pp. 431-440Medeiros-Bergen, D.E., Ebert, T.A., Growth, fecundity and mortality rates of two intertidal brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) with contrasting modes of development (1995) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 189 (1), pp. 47-64Morgan, R., Jangoux, M., Assessing arm regeneration and its effect during the reproductive cycle in the gregarious brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis (Echinodermata) (2004) Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 45 (3), pp. 277-280Munday, B.W., Field survey of the occurrence and significance of regeneration in Amphiura chiajei (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Killary Habrour, west coast of Ireland (1993) Marine Biology, 115 (4), pp. 661-668O'Connor, B., Bowmer, T., Grehan, A., Long-term assessment of the population dynamic of Amphiura filiformis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in Galway Bay (west coast of Ireland) (1983) Marine Biology, 75 (2-3), pp. 279-286Pomory, C., Lawrence, J.M., Energy content of Ophiocoma echinata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) maintained at different feeding levels during arm regeneration (1999) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 238 (1), pp. 139-150Pomory, C., Lawrence, J.M., Arm regeneration in the field in Ophiocoma echinata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): Effects on body composition and its potential role in a reef food web (2001) Marine Biology, 139 (4), pp. 661-670de Rodrigues, S.A., Shimizu, G.Y., Ophionereis reticulata e Petrolisthes armatus: Disputa pelo abrigo fisico na baixamar? (1988) Ciência e Cultura, 40 (7), pp. 691-692Selvakumaraswamy, P., Byrne, M., Reproductive cycle of two populations of Ophionereis schayeri (Ophiuroidea) in New South Wales (1995) Marine Biology, 124 (1), pp. 85-97Selvakumaraswamy, P., Byrne, M., Vestigial ophiopluteal structures in the lecithotrophic larvae of Ophionereis schayeri (Ophiuroidea) (2000) Biological Bulletin, 198 (3), pp. 379-386Selvakumaraswamy, P., Byrne, M., Reproduction, spawning, and development of 5 ophiuroids from Australia and New Zealand (2000) Invertebrate Biology, 119 (4), pp. 394-402Singletary, R., The biology and ecology of Amphioplus coniortodes, Ophionephthys limicola, and Micropholis gracillima (Ophiuroidea: Amphiuridae) (1980) Caribbean Journal of Science, 16 (1-4), pp. 39-55Stancyk, S.E., Golde, H.M., Pape-Lindstrom, P.A., Dobson, W.E., Born to lose. 1. Measures of tissue loss and regeneration by the brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) (1994) Marine Biology, 118 (3), pp. 451-462Stewart, B., Growth dynamics of the radial shields of the euryalid snake star Astrobrachion constrictum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) (1996) Invertebrate Biology, 115 (4), pp. 321-330Yokoyama, L.Q., Amaral, A.C.Z., Reproductive cycle of Ophionereis reticulata (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) on the Southeast coast of Brazil (2008) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 51 (2), pp. 111-118Yokoyama, L.Q., Amaral, A.C.Z., The diet of Ophionereis reticulata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in Southeastern Brazil (2008) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25 (3), pp. 576-57

Morphometric Study Of The Nereidid Laeonereis Acuta (annelida: Polychaeta)

In order to find the most suitable parameter for measuring the nereidid Laonereis acuta, correlations between total length or weight and eight morphological measurements: width of prostomium and 2nd, 6th, 13th and 19th setigers, length of the prostomium, length through segment 6th and length through segment 13th, were established. The width measurements showed the highest values of r, and were the most reliable indicators of size. Comparisons between weight and morphological measurements showed a similar pattern as well as negative allometric growth.813423426Amaral, A.C.Z., Ecologia e contribuição dos anelídeos poliquetos para a biomassa bêntica da zona das marés, no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo (1979) Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, 28, pp. 1-52Bemvenuti, C.E., Gattaneo, S.A., Netto, S.A., Características estruturais da fauna bentônica em dois pontos da região estuarial da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil (1992) Atlantica, 4, pp. 5-28Bloom, S.A., Seasonality and structure of a macrobenthic sea grass community on the Florida Gulf Coast (1983) Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, 68, pp. 539-564Bridges, T.S., Levin, L.A., Cabrera, D., Plaia, G., Effects of sediment amended with sewage, algae or hydrocarbons on growth and reproduction in two opportunistic polychaetes (1994) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 177, pp. 99-119Caron, A., Boucher, L., Desrosiers, G., Retière, C., Population dynamics of the polychaete Nephtys caeca in an intertidal estuarine environment (Quebec, Canada) (1995) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, pp. 871-884Caron, A., Olivier, M., Desrosiers, G., Hudier, E., Cote, S., Koutitonsky, U.K., Miron, G., Retière, C., Spatial distribution of an epitokous estuarine species in a tidal flat: The role of hydrodynamic processes (1993) Vie et Milieu, 43, pp. 85-93Desrosiers, G., Vincent, B., Retière, C., Boucher, L., Comparaison de critères utilisables pour l'étude de la structure des populations du polychète Nereis virens (Sars) (1988) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, pp. 1454-1459Fauchald, K., A morphometric study of eunicid polychaetes from Belize, western Caribbean Sea (1991) Ophelia, 5 (SUPPL.), pp. 47-53Gentil, F., Dauvin, J.-C., Etude allométrique du polychète Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiage (1989) Journal de Recherche Océanographique, pp. 1-2. , 58-60Gillet, P., Biomasse, production et dynamique des populations de Nereis diversicolor (Annélide polychète) de l'estuaire de la Loire (1990) Oceanologica Acta, 13, pp. 361-371Ieno, E.N., Bastida, R.O., Spatial and temporal patterns in coastal macrobenthos of Samborombon Bay, Argentina: A case study of very low diversity (1998) Estuaries, 21, pp. 690-699Ieno, E.N., Martin, P.J., Bastida, R., Estimation of size classes in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta: Nereididae) based on jaw length and body width useable in trophic studies (2000) Bulletin of Marine Science, 67, pp. 39-43Lana, P.C., Couto, E.C., Almeida, M.V.O., Polychaete distribution and abundance in intertidal flats of Paranaguá Bay (south-east Brazil) (1997) Bulletin of Marine Science, 60, pp. 433-442Mazurkiewics, M., Larval development and habitats of Laeonereis culveri (Webster) (Polychaeta: Nercidae) (1975) Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 149, pp. 186-204Moore, D.W., Dillon, T.N., The relationship between growth and reproduction in the marine polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata (Moore): Implications for chronic sublethal sediment bioassays (1993) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 173, pp. 231-246Omena, E.P., Amaral, A.C.Z., Population dynamics and secondary production of Laeonereis acuta (Treadwell, 1923) (Nereididae: Polychaeta) (2000) Bulletin of Marine Science, 67, pp. 421-431Olive, P.J.W., Garwood, P.R., Gametogenic cycle and population structure of Nereis diversicolor and Nereis pelagica from north-east England (1981) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kiugdom, 61, pp. 193-213Olivier, M., Desrosiers, G., Caron, A., Retière, C., Caillou, A., Juvenile growth of Nereis diversicolor (O.F. Müller) feeding on a range of marine vascular and macroalgal plant sources under experimental conditions (1996) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 208, pp. 1-12Orensanz, J.M., Giannuca, N.M., Contribuição ao conhecimento dos anelídeos poliquetas do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil. I. Lista sistemática preliminar e descrição de três novas espécies (1974) Comunicâ̧es do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRGS, Porto Alegre, 4, pp. 1-37Santos, P.J.P., Population dynamics and production of Scolelepis gaucha (Polychaeta: Spionidae) on the sandy beaches of southern Brazil (1994) Marine Ecology Progress Series, 110, pp. 159-165Sardá, R., Martín, G.S., Streptosyllis verrili (Moore, 1907) new combination, life cycle, population dynamics and production from a salt marsh in southern New England (1992) Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, pp. 409-417Sardá, R., Valiela, I., Foreman, K., Life cycle, demography, and production of Marenzelleria viridis in a salt marsh of southern New England (1995) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, pp. 725-738Seitz, R.D., Schaffner, L.C., Population ecology and secondary production of the polychaete Loimia medusa (Terebellidae) (1995) Marine Biology, 121, pp. 701-711Shimizu, R.M., (1997) Ecologia populacional de Scolelepis squamata (Müller, 1806) (Polychaeta: Spionidae) e Callichirus major (Say, 1818) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) da Praia de Barequeçaba (São Sebastião), , PhD thesis, Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWarwick, R.M., Price, R., Macrofauna production in an estuarine mud flat (1975) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, pp. 1-18Vedel, A., Riisgard, H.V., Filter feeding in polychaeta Nereis diversicolor: Growth and bioenergetics (1993) Marine Ecology Progress Series, 100, pp. 145-152Zar, J.H., (1974) Biostatistical analysis, , New Jersey: Prentice-Hal