On fermionic tilde conjugation rules and thermal bosonization. Hot and cold thermofields

A generalization of Ojima tilde conjugation rules is suggested, which reveals the coherent state properties of thermal vacuum state and is useful for the thermofield bosonization. The notion of hot and cold thermofields is introduced to distinguish different thermofield representations giving the correct normal form of thermofield solution for finite temperature Thirring model with correct renormalization and anticommutation properties.Comment: 13 page

Photometric stability analysis of the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory

Photometric stability is a key requirement for time-resolved spectroscopic observations of transiting extrasolar planets. In the context of the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) mission design, we here present and investigate means of translating spacecraft pointing instabilities as well as temperature fluctuation of its optical chain into an overall error budget of the exoplanetary spectrum to be retrieved. Given the instrument specifications as of date, we investigate the magnitudes of these photometric instabilities in the context of simulated observations of the exoplanet HD189733b secondary eclipse.Comment: submitted to MNRA

γ∗p\gamma^*p cross section from the dipole model in momentum space

We reproduce the DIS measurements of the proton structure function at high energy from the dipole model in momentum space. To model the dipole-proton forward scattering amplitude, we use the knowledge of asymptotic solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation, describing high-energy QCD in the presence of saturation effects. We compare our results with the previous analysis in coordinate space and discuss possible extensions of our approach.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Authentication of a traditional game meat sausage (Alheira) by species-specific PCR assays to detect hare, rabbit, red deer, pork and cow meats

Alheira is a traditional meat product that is typical from the Northeast region of Portugal and much appreciated. It is a sort of sausage produced industrially or by small artisanal producers, having wheat bread and meats as main ingredients. Game meat Alheira (Alheira de caça) is considered one of the most attractive products since it should include different game meats. The aim of the present work was to identify the species of origin of meats added to game meat Alheira samples to verify their compliance with labelling. Species-specific PCR assays targeting mitochondrial genes of rabbit, hare, red deer, cow and pork were optimised and applied to industrial and artisanal samples. The assays revealed adequate specificity for each of the targeted species, with sensitivities of 0.01-0.1%. Results of the evaluation of 18 commercial samples identified several inconsistencies with labelling, namely the absence of declared game species (red deer, hare and rabbit) in ten samples and the presence of undeclared cow species in nine of the analysed samples. These findings indicate the occurrence of misleading labelling, suggesting the adulteration by substitution of game meats by cow meat to reduce production costs and the need to protect and valorise this kind of traditional food product.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the University of Porto/Santander Totta “Projectos pluridisciplinares 2010” and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through grant no. PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Compact QED3_3 - a simple example of a variational calculation in a gauge theory

We apply a simple mean field like variational calculation to compact QED in 2+1 dimensions. Our variational ansatz explicitly preserves compact gauge invariance of the theory. We reproduce in this framework all the known results, including dynamical mass generation, Polyakov scaling and the nonzero string tension. It is hoped that this simple example can be a useful reference point for applying similar approximation techniques to nonabelian gauge theories.Comment: 18 pages, OUTP- 94-23 P, TPI-MINN-94/37-

Influence of magnetic field on paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in La1−x_{1-x}Cax_{x}MnO3_{3} (x≈0.25x\approx 0.25) crystal: ultrasonic and transport studies

The ultrasonic properties of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ ($x\approx 0.25$) with the Curie temperature $T_C$ about 200 K are studied. Temperature dependences of longitudinal and transverse sound velocities were measured in zero magnetic field and for different constant magnetic fields as well. The ultrasonic study is supported by magnetic, resistive, magnetoresistive, structural and other measurements of the sample that facilitate interpretation of the results obtained. The magnetic field influence on sound properties found in this study presents some new features of the interplay between the elastic and magnetic properties of these compounds. It is shown that the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in the sample studied is first order, but can become second order under the influence of applied magnetic field.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Wavelets: mathematics and applications

The notion of wavelets is defined. It is briefly described {\it what} are wavelets, {\it how} to use them, {\it when} we do need them, {\it why} they are preferred and {\it where} they have been applied. Then one proceeds to the multiresolution analysis and fast wavelet transform as a standard procedure for dealing with discrete wavelets. It is shown which specific features of signals (functions) can be revealed by this analysis, but can not be found by other methods (e.g., by the Fourier expansion). Finally, some examples of practical application are given (in particular, to analysis of multiparticle production}. Rigorous proofs of mathematical statements are omitted, and the reader is referred to the corresponding literature.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, Latex, Phys. Atom. Nuc

Identification of duck, partridge, pheasant, quail, chicken and turkey meats by species-specific PCR assays to assess the authenticity of traditional game meat Alheira sausages

Game meat Alheira (Alheira de caça) sausage is a traditional fermented product typical from the Northeast region of Portugal, having bread and meats (including game) as main ingredients. It is a particularly appreciated product by consumers that commands higher prices, especially in comparison with the common Alheira produced with pork and poultry meats. Following our previous work in which several mammalian game meat species were successfully identified in game meat Alheira sausages for authentication purposes, the present work aimed at identifying game bird's species for the overall assessment of labelling compliance. For that purpose, several species-specific PCR assays targeting mitochondrial DNA for the detection of game and domestic bird's meat, namely duck, partridge, pheasant, quail, chicken and turkey were developed, optimised and applied to commercial samples of game meat Alheira for their authentication. The assays revealed a high specificity and sensitivity to detect the addition of all evaluated species down to a level of 0.01% (w/w). PCR results indicated the existence of several inconsistencies with the labelled information, namely the absence of declared game species (duck, partridge and pheasant) and the presence of undeclared poultry meat, pointing out to adulterations owing to substitution of game by domestic meat species. Since this is considered a high-valued traditional product that should be valorised and protected, this work puts in evidence the need for inspection programs to enforce regulation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the University of Porto/Santander Totta “Projectos pluridisciplinares 2010” and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through grant no. PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio