The Impact of Western Culture on the Transformation of Residential Patterns in One of the Heritage Areas in Baghdad (Neighborhood CREMAT / Salhiya - Baghdad Model)

The traditional housing of Baghdadi has undergone many transformations in the past century. This is noticed in many districts of traditional Baghdad and its heritage. In this period, architectural styles with Western influences were observed as a result of the political conditions and foreign colonization that swept the country. German architecture, English and French and other models in our old heritage stores, especially in the neighborhood of CREMAT in Salhia - Baghdad. With this level of complexity of the models, we have to disclose and study during the research process to reach the mechanisms and adaptation of Western models designed for an environment of a different nature adapted to our environment and the local Baghdad and take advantage of these global experiences in the design process. Therefore, the research highlighted the influence of Western culture on our Baghdadi architectural culture to preserve the landmarks of the past so that future children can see it. Ever since man's historical awareness of the past, the present and the future, he tried to record his present and preserve his past for the future. The urban heritage reflects the cultural identity of man: his past, his present and his future. Our Baghdad Municipality has been characterized by functional organization of the elements of the house, relying on the internal courtyard to provide the necessary privacy to the population and the use of local construction materials such as bricks, plaster, stone and palms and the use of the sheds in the internal atmosphere of the rooms. All examples of Baghdadi heritage architecture share a distinctive architectural character that belongs to the region and reflects all of its cultural, environmental and social conditions. Therefore, the research will try to reach the impact of these civilizations on the Baghdadi style, especially in the residential architecture of Baghdad. The objective of the research was to describe the effects of Western culture on the architectural style of the Salhia area and its adaptation to the local style of the region while attempting to come up with new and traditional indicators of transformation in residential patterns. In order to address the research problem, which is the phenomenon of divergence in the decisions of the traditional residential patterns in the locality of the CREMAT - Salhia, and to verify the goal of the desired research, the research plan is to analyze the chronological sequence of the ancient models in the region and identifying the identity of each model and then how to diagnose changes in traditional architectural styles through its holistic calendar and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form. The results showed the impact of Western cultures on the identity of the Baghdad residential area

Controlling the Growth of Local Isolates of Listeria Monocytogenes by Using Some Chemicals Preservatives

This study include using of some chemical preservative  against local isolates of Listeria monocytogenes , the effects of different concentrations of some generally regarded as save (GRAS) preservatives were studied on growth and survival of L. monocytogenes. These preservatives included salts of organic acid   (sodium acetate and sodium benzoate) which inhibit growth of the bacterium at (25%) w/v concentration,  also the effects  of different concentrations of  inorganic salt food additives sodium chloride were studied, which inhibit   the growth of  L. monocytogenes  at (15%) w/v concentration . On the other hand the growth and survival of L. monocytogenes at different concentrations of two generally recognized as safe acids (lactic acid and acetic acid ) was determined , the growth of  bacterium was completely inhibited at (55mM) concentration of acetic acid  and at  ( 65mM ) of lactic acid .  Controlling of L. monocytogenes by tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) by dipping of artificially contaminated chicken meat in (10%) of TSP for (10) min.,  significantly reduced the population of the pathogen on the surface of meat to standard safe limit.So the study aimed to determining the effect of some chemical preservatives (acetic acid, lactic acid, sodium benzoate , sodium acetate and sodium chloride) on growth   of local isolats of   L. monocytogenes which isolated from different food sources in Erbil  and Koya city

Neurotoxicity of xylazine in chicks

Despite the widespread use of xylazine in veterinary medicine, studies on its neurotoxicity are limited. So, our current study aims to reveal its neurotoxicity in chicks by determining the (LD50) of xylazine in Dixon's procedure. Moreover, it aims to study the effects of a small and repeated dose of xylazine on neurobehavioral test and the toxic doses of xylazine on the concentration of (glycine and glutamate) in the plasma of chicks and on the brain tissue after 60 and 90 minutes of injection. The LD50 of xylazine by injection into the chest muscle was 26.65 mg/kg. The injection of xylazine at a dose of 3 and 6 mg/kg in the chest muscle for three consecutive days caused an inhibition in motor activity within the open field as well as a significant elevation in the tonic immobility test response, injection of xylazine at doses 48.96 mg/kg ,60 and 90 minutes after the injection led to a significant increase in the glycine concentration as well as a significant decrease in glutamate after 90 minutes in the plasma of chicks, accompanied by histological variation in the brain tissue characterized by necrosis of neurons, vasogenic edema, neurophagia, cavities, infarction, necrosis of Purkinjean cell with decrees in the number of it. Our results revealed that xylazine had neurotoxic effects in chicks, represented by inhibition of neural behavior and motor activity within the open field, accompanied by a change in the concentration of glycine and glutamate in the plasma of chicks and histological variation in the brain tissue of chicks

Bioprospecting desert plant Bacillus endophytic strains for their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance

© 2019, The Author(s). Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to increase plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, specifically those from dry and salty environments. In this study, we examined the endophyte bacterial community of five plant species growing in the Thar desert of Pakistan. Among a total of 368 culturable isolates, 58 Bacillus strains were identified from which the 16 most divergent strains were characterized for salt and heat stress resilience as well as antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. When the 16 Bacillus strains were tested on the non-host plant Arabidopsis thaliana, B. cereus PK6-15, B. subtilis PK5-26 and B. circulans PK3-109 significantly enhanced plant growth under salt stress conditions, doubling fresh weight levels when compared to uninoculated plants. B. circulans PK3-15 and PK3-109 did not promote plant growth under normal conditions, but increased plant fresh weight by more than 50% when compared to uninoculated plants under salt stress conditions, suggesting that these salt tolerant Bacillus strains exhibit PGP traits only in the presence of salt. Our data indicate that the collection of 58 plant endophytic Bacillus strains represents an important genomic resource to decipher plant growth promotion at the molecular level

Isolation and identification of Helicobacter pylori by PCR from drinking water supplies in Erbil city

Out of the 200 samples of drinking water, which were collected from different source in Erbil city, from the period November 2014 until April 2015 . In this study, 36 isolates of Helicobacter pylori were isolated from samples as well as from biofilms, this study directed for the isolation of Helicobacter pylori by culturing in different media and identified by biochemical tests and PCR technique, in order to evaluate the potential role of drinking water in transmission of H. pylori. Water samples cultured on Brain heart infusion agar with supplement, Colombia agar base with supplement and Brucella agar; the results showed that The total number and percentage of the isolates of H. pylori from all tested water samples were 36 (18%), and these distributed as follow: 12 (24%), 11(22%), 8(16%) and 5(10%) from biofilms, reservoir, groundwater and tap water respectively. All H. pylori isolates were identified by using cultural , morphological , biochemical characteristics, from all(36) of isolates:30(83%) gave positive reaction for urease indicates that the isolates had the ability to produce the urease as well as 24(67%) of the total isolates; oxidase and catalase gave positive reaction while 17(61%) of the total isolates are motile. 35(97%) of the total samples confirmed by using primers for identification of H. pylori based on 16SrRNA this was the first report on using 16SrRNA amplification and confirmation of H. pylori isolates from water samples in Iraq. The ureA genotype was expected to be present in nearly all 34(94%) Helicobacter positive isolates. The PCR assay employed in this work specifically targets a region of the ureC (glmM) gene which has been shown to be unique and essential for the growth of H. pylori and the results appeared that 28(78%) of the total isolates have this gene This study was succeeding to detect the ureA and C gene in most of the isolates which was already confirmed by16SrRNA

The Impact of Western Culture on the Transformation of Residential Patterns in One of the Heritage Areas in Baghdad (Neighborhood CREMAT / Salhiya - Baghdad Model)

The traditional housing of Baghdadi has undergone many transformations in the past century. This is noticed in many districts of traditional Baghdad and its heritage. In this period, architectural styles with Western influences were observed as a result of the political conditions and foreign colonization that swept the country. German architecture, English and French and other models in our old heritage stores, especially in the neighborhood of CREMAT in Salhia - Baghdad. With this level of complexity of the models, we have to disclose and study during the research process to reach the mechanisms and adaptation of Western models designed for an environment of a different nature adapted to our environment and the local Baghdad and take advantage of these global experiences in the design process. Therefore, the research highlighted the influence of Western culture on our Baghdadi architectural culture to preserve the landmarks of the past so that future children can see it. Ever since man's historical awareness of the past, the present and the future, he tried to record his present and preserve his past for the future. The urban heritage reflects the cultural identity of man: his past, his present and his future. Our Baghdad Municipality has been characterized by functional organization of the elements of the house, relying on the internal courtyard to provide the necessary privacy to the population and the use of local construction materials such as bricks, plaster, stone and palms and the use of the sheds in the internal atmosphere of the rooms. All examples of Baghdadi heritage architecture share a distinctive architectural character that belongs to the region and reflects all of its cultural, environmental and social conditions. Therefore, the research will try to reach the impact of these civilizations on the Baghdadi style, especially in the residential architecture of Baghdad. The objective of the research was to describe the effects of Western culture on the architectural style of the Salhia area and its adaptation to the local style of the region while attempting to come up with new and traditional indicators of transformation in residential patterns. In order to address the research problem, which is the phenomenon of divergence in the decisions of the traditional residential patterns in the locality of the CREMAT - Salhia, and to verify the goal of the desired research, the research plan is to analyze the chronological sequence of the ancient models in the region and identifying the identity of each model and then how to diagnose changes in traditional architectural styles through its holistic calendar and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form. The results showed the impact of Western cultures on the identity of the Baghdad residential area

The Impact of Western Culture on the Transformation of Residential Patterns in One of the Heritage Areas in Baghdad (Neighborhood CREMAT / Salhiya - Baghdad Model)

The traditional housing of Baghdadi has undergone many transformations in the past century. This is noticed in many districts of traditional Baghdad and its heritage. In this period, architectural styles with Western influences were observed as a result of the political conditions and foreign colonization that swept the country. German architecture, English and French and other models in our old heritage stores, especially in the neighborhood of CREMAT in Salhia - Baghdad. With this level of complexity of the models, we have to disclose and study during the research process to reach the mechanisms and adaptation of Western models designed for an environment of a different nature adapted to our environment and the local Baghdad and take advantage of these global experiences in the design process. Therefore, the research highlighted the influence of Western culture on our Baghdadi architectural culture to preserve the landmarks of the past so that future children can see it. Ever since man's historical awareness of the past, the present and the future, he tried to record his present and preserve his past for the future. The urban heritage reflects the cultural identity of man: his past, his present and his future. Our Baghdad Municipality has been characterized by functional organization of the elements of the house, relying on the internal courtyard to provide the necessary privacy to the population and the use of local construction materials such as bricks, plaster, stone and palms and the use of the sheds in the internal atmosphere of the rooms. All examples of Baghdadi heritage architecture share a distinctive architectural character that belongs to the region and reflects all of its cultural, environmental and social conditions. Therefore, the research will try to reach the impact of these civilizations on the Baghdadi style, especially in the residential architecture of Baghdad. The objective of the research was to describe the effects of Western culture on the architectural style of the Salhia area and its adaptation to the local style of the region while attempting to come up with new and traditional indicators of transformation in residential patterns. In order to address the research problem, which is the phenomenon of divergence in the decisions of the traditional residential patterns in the locality of the CREMAT - Salhia, and to verify the goal of the desired research, the research plan is to analyze the chronological sequence of the ancient models in the region and identifying the identity of each model and then how to diagnose changes in traditional architectural styles through its holistic calendar and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form. The results showed the impact of Western cultures on the identity of the Baghdad residential area

The Impact of Western Culture on the Transformation of Residential Patterns in One of the Heritage Areas in Baghdad (Neighborhood CREMAT / Salhiya - Baghdad Model)

The traditional housing of Baghdadi has undergone many transformations in the past century. This is noticed in many districts of traditional Baghdad and its heritage. In this period, architectural styles with Western influences were observed as a result of the political conditions and foreign colonization that swept the country. German architecture, English and French and other models in our old heritage stores, especially in the neighborhood of CREMAT in Salhia - Baghdad. With this level of complexity of the models, we have to disclose and study during the research process to reach the mechanisms and adaptation of Western models designed for an environment of a different nature adapted to our environment and the local Baghdad and take advantage of these global experiences in the design process. Therefore, the research highlighted the influence of Western culture on our Baghdadi architectural culture to preserve the landmarks of the past so that future children can see it. Ever since man's historical awareness of the past, the present and the future, he tried to record his present and preserve his past for the future. The urban heritage reflects the cultural identity of man: his past, his present and his future. Our Baghdad Municipality has been characterized by functional organization of the elements of the house, relying on the internal courtyard to provide the necessary privacy to the population and the use of local construction materials such as bricks, plaster, stone and palms and the use of the sheds in the internal atmosphere of the rooms. All examples of Baghdadi heritage architecture share a distinctive architectural character that belongs to the region and reflects all of its cultural, environmental and social conditions. Therefore, the research will try to reach the impact of these civilizations on the Baghdadi style, especially in the residential architecture of Baghdad. The objective of the research was to describe the effects of Western culture on the architectural style of the Salhia area and its adaptation to the local style of the region while attempting to come up with new and traditional indicators of transformation in residential patterns. In order to address the research problem, which is the phenomenon of divergence in the decisions of the traditional residential patterns in the locality of the CREMAT - Salhia, and to verify the goal of the desired research, the research plan is to analyze the chronological sequence of the ancient models in the region and identifying the identity of each model and then how to diagnose changes in traditional architectural styles through its holistic calendar and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form. The results showed the impact of Western cultures on the identity of the Baghdad residential area

English Influences in Urban Fabric Patterns of Baghdad City

Appeared in the thirties of the last century and because of the presence of the English and the expansion of the city of Baghdad residential neighborhoods such as (Salhiya,Waziriya, Ayawadiyah, Batawi) in the suburbs of Baghdad carried a modern style that is different from the traditional pattern in the distribution of space . The presence of the English has a clear impact on the appearance and changing patterns of the traditional urban fabric in the city of Baghdad, especially those that were established during their presence in the region. Therefore, the research aims to identify the characteristics that characterized the modern style in the urban fabric of the modern Baghdad revival, which was established after the entry of the English, especially the Salhia region. It is also aimed to know the relationship of this pattern to the traditional style of the old neighborhoods revolving, the reasons for this transformation in the pattern, whether cultural, social or economic, etc. and the impact of these modern patterns in the identity of the city and the latest method of preservation and investment . The hypothesis of the research is that there is a gradual shift in the pattern of urban fabric from the traditional to the modern which appeared in some neighborhoods in Baghdad, and that the presence of the English in the region has a clear effect of this transformation. In order to address the research problem of the lack of clarity of knowledge studied and dealt with the transformation in the pattern of urban fabric of some neighborhoods in the city of Baghdad, the effects of the English occupation, the research developed his plan by an analytical study of the chronological sequence of the emergence of the study area and morphological analysis of the factors behind this change, how to diagnose transitions in the schematic pattern of their traditional tissue through their holistic calendar, and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form

English Influences in Urban Fabric Patterns of Baghdad City

Appeared in the thirties of the last century and because of the presence of the English and the expansion of the city of Baghdad residential neighborhoods such as (Salhiya,Waziriya, Ayawadiyah, Batawi) in the suburbs of Baghdad carried a modern style that is different from the traditional pattern in the distribution of space . The presence of the English has a clear impact on the appearance and changing patterns of the traditional urban fabric in the city of Baghdad, especially those that were established during their presence in the region. Therefore, the research aims to identify the characteristics that characterized the modern style in the urban fabric of the modern Baghdad revival, which was established after the entry of the English, especially the Salhia region. It is also aimed to know the relationship of this pattern to the traditional style of the old neighborhoods revolving, the reasons for this transformation in the pattern, whether cultural, social or economic, etc. and the impact of these modern patterns in the identity of the city and the latest method of preservation and investment . The hypothesis of the research is that there is a gradual shift in the pattern of urban fabric from the traditional to the modern which appeared in some neighborhoods in Baghdad, and that the presence of the English in the region has a clear effect of this transformation. In order to address the research problem of the lack of clarity of knowledge studied and dealt with the transformation in the pattern of urban fabric of some neighborhoods in the city of Baghdad, the effects of the English occupation, the research developed his plan by an analytical study of the chronological sequence of the emergence of the study area and morphological analysis of the factors behind this change, how to diagnose transitions in the schematic pattern of their traditional tissue through their holistic calendar, and the appearance of the architectural style of the Salhia in this architectural form