A Smart Grid for the city of Rome: A Cost Benefit Analysis

In this work, the JRC applies its Smart Grid CBA methodology to a full-scale project rather than only to a small-size demonstrative one. To this end, the JRC and ACEA - one of Italy’s biggest Distribution System Operators (DSOs), in charge of managing the distribution system of Rome - teamed up to study the merits of deploying Smart Grid technologies (preliminarily tested in a pilot project) in a big city like the Italian capital, hosting several million electricity users. The ACEA Smart Grid Pilot Project (named "Malagrotta" after the area where pilot solutions were first realised) is the starting point for this study, as it displays many of the characteristics of emerging Smart Grids projects and interconnects several diversified generation facilities (like biogas, waste-to-electricity and PV plants) and consumption centres. This study illustrates the outcome of the application of the JRC Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to a) the ACEA Smart Grids pilot project; and b) the planned deployment of Smart Grid technologies (tested in the ACEA Smart Grids pilot project) to the whole of the city of Rome. The CBA is conducted from both the private investor’s and the societal perspective, in order to assess whether scaling up the Smart Grid pilot project benefits the distribution operator and the citizens. Finally, this report shows how the JRC's CBA methodology can be effectively used to assess the financial and economic viability of real Smart Grids projects and help the investment decisions of DSOs.JRC.F.3-Energy Security, Systems and Marke

Power Flow Management by Active Nodes: A Case Study in Real Operating Conditions

The role of distributor system operators is experiencing a gradual but relevant change to include enhanced ancillary and energy dispatch services needed to manage the increased power provided by intermittent distributed generations in medium voltage networks. In this context, the paper proposes the insertion, in strategic points of the network, of specific power electronic systems, denoted as active nodes, which permit the remote controllability of the active and reactive power flow. Such capabilities, as a further benefit, enable the distributor system operators to provide ancillary network services without requiring any procurement with distributed generation systems owners. In particular, the paper highlights the benefits of active nodes, demonstrating their capabilities in reducing the inverse power flow issues from medium to high voltage lines focusing on a network cluster including renewable energy resources. As a further novelty, this study has accounted for a real cluster operated by the Italian distributor system operator Areti. A specific simulation model of the electrical lines has been implemented in DigSilent PowerFactory (DIgSILENT GmbH–Germany) software using real operating data obtained during a 1-year measurement campaign. A detailed cost-benefit analysis has been provided, accounting for different load flow scenarios. The results have demonstrated that the inclusion of active nodes can significantly reduce the drawbacks related to the reverse power flow

A novel passive electric network analog to Kirchhoff-Love plate designed to efficiently damp forced vibrations by distributed piezoelectric transducers

Recently the concept of Piezo-Electro-Mechanical (PEM) structural member has been developed. Given a structural member, a set of piezoelectric actuators if uniformly distributed on it and electrically interconnected by one of its analog circuits. In this way it is obtained a high-performances piezoelectric structural-modification aiming to multimodal mechanical vibrations control. In the present paper it is addressed the problem of synthesizing an electrically dissipative PEM Kirchhoff-Love (K-L) plate by using completely passive electric networks

A revival of electric analogs for vibrating mechanical systems aimed to their efficient control by PZT actuators

In this paper we revive classical methods (i.e. those needed to synthesize analog circuits for designing direct computers) in order to conceive novel devices which we call piezo-electro-mechanical (PEM) structural members. By means of two independent synthesis procedures, new circuital analogs for the uniformly damped Elastica and Kirchhoff-Love plate are found. These circuits are used as electrical wave guides gyroscopically coupled to the corresponding mechanical members to design electrically dissipative PEM systems. The concept on which these systems are based exploits piezoelectric transducers-uniformly distributed on the member-to transform strain energy into capacitive energy: this last will be subsequently dissipated using resistors, the optimal value of which is determined by a pole placement criterion. We underline that in PEM structures PZT transducers can be regarded, at the same time, as sensors and actuators. By means of analytical methods and numerical simulations, the electro-mechanical constitutive parameters of some PEM structures are determined and it is shown that they can be designed and may be technically feasible. Moreover it is shown that in PEM structures, also when mechanical dissipative phenomena are negligible, mechanical vibrations are efficiently damped by means of completely passive electrical circuits. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Correction to: Analytical fault impact-model for the electrical grid

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00510-

A passive electric controller for multimodal vibrations of thin plates

A dynamic passive controller for thin plate vibrations is here presented. The vibrations damping is obtained by uniformly distributing an array of piezoelectric elements on the host plate, and by interconnecting their terminals via a passive electric circuit. The use of an electric network having the same structure as the plate equations (i.e., plate analog network) assures a multiresonant and broad band electromechanical coupling. The governing equations of the proposed network are derived by paralleling the Lagrangian functional of a discretized Kirchhoff-Love plate with that of a lumped, lossless and reciprocal circuit. A possible realization of the plate analog network is also proposed under the form of a circuit constituted by capacitors, inductors and transformers only. The appropriate insertion of optimized resistors in the found analog circuit allows for effecting multimodal damping of forced oscillations. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is validated through the analysis of a realistic simply supported plate. Exact solutions are computed for interesting mechanical disturbances. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A passive electric controller for multimodal vibrations of thin plates

International audienceA dynamic passive controller for thin plate vibrations is here presented. The vibrations damping is obtained by uniformly distributing an array of piezoelectric elements on the host plate, and by interconnecting their terminals via a passive electric circuit. The use of an electric network having the same structure as the plate equations (i.e., plate analog network) assures a multiresonant and broad band electromechanical coupling. The governing equations of the proposed network are derived by paralleling the Lagrangian functional of a discretized Kirchhoff–Love plate with that of a lumped, lossless and reciprocal circuit. A possible realization of the plate analog network is also proposed under the form of a circuit constituted by capacitors, inductors and transformers only. The appropriate insertion of optimized resistors in the found analog circuit allows for effecting multimodal damping of forced oscillations. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is validated through the analysis of a realistic simply supported plate. Exact solutions are computed for interesting mechanical disturbance

A passive electric controller for multimodal vibrations of thin plates

International audienceA dynamic passive controller for thin plate vibrations is here presented. The vibrations damping is obtained by uniformly distributing an array of piezoelectric elements on the host plate, and by interconnecting their terminals via a passive electric circuit. The use of an electric network having the same structure as the plate equations (i.e., plate analog network) assures a multiresonant and broad band electromechanical coupling. The governing equations of the proposed network are derived by paralleling the Lagrangian functional of a discretized Kirchhoff–Love plate with that of a lumped, lossless and reciprocal circuit. A possible realization of the plate analog network is also proposed under the form of a circuit constituted by capacitors, inductors and transformers only. The appropriate insertion of optimized resistors in the found analog circuit allows for effecting multimodal damping of forced oscillations. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is validated through the analysis of a realistic simply supported plate. Exact solutions are computed for interesting mechanical disturbance

Piezo-ElectroMechanical (PEM) Kirchhoff–Love plates.

Recently, the concept of Piezo-ElectroMechanical (PEM) structural members has been developed by Alessandroni et al. (Int. J. Solids Structures 39 (20) (2002) 5279) and Andreaus et al. (J. Vib. Control (2004) in press). Given a structural member, a set of piezoelectric transducers is uniformly distributed on it and electrically interconnected by a circuit that is the electric analog of the host member. In this way a high-performances piezoelectric structural modification is obtained, that aims to control multimodal mechanical vibrations (see, e.g., Vidoli and dell’Isola (Acta Mech. 141 (2000) 37)). In the present paper the problem of synthesizing an electrically dissipative PEM Kirchhoff–Love (K–L) plate by using completely passive electric elements is addressed. This is done by using a discrete form of the Lagrange functional governing the motion of a K–L plate by a finite difference method. Hence a novel electric circuit governed by the obtained finite dimensional Lagragian is determined. Multimodal vibration damping is achieved by completing this new circuit with optimally dimensioned and positioned resistors. A realistic simply-supported PEM K–L plate has been designed and its performances in the case of free and forced vibrations have been studied to show its technical feasibility