Self-perceived health and clinical characteristics in young adult students from the brazilian northeast

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a situação socioeconômica, as características clínicas referidas e o histórico de doença cardiovascular familiar, com a Autopercepção da saúde de escolares adultos jovens e suas implicações nas características clínicas observadas. Método: Estudo analítico desenvolvido com 501 adultos jovens escolares de um interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Utilizou-se a regressão logística binária. Resultados: O modelo final explicou 83,3% da autopercepção de saúde positiva, confirmando associação da Autopercepção de saúde com sexo masculino, moradia em comunidade, ter estilo de vida excelente/muito bom e não ter ou não saber que tem casos de AVC na família. Conclusão: A percepção de saúde muitas vezes foi otimista, necessitando-se identificar os dispositivos a serem trabalhados para aproximar a sua percepção de sua real condição de saúde, aumentando a eficácia das ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas pelos profissionais. 
Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre la situación socioeconómica, los rasgos clínicos mencionados y los antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular familiar, con la autopercepción de la salud de estudiantes adultos jóvenes y sus implicaciones en las características clínicas observadas. Método Estudio analítico desarrollado con 501 estudiantes jóvenes adultos de una parte del interior del Nordeste brasileño. Se utilizó la regresión logística binaria. Resultados El modelo final explicó el 83,3% de la autopercepción de salud positiva, confirmando la asociación de la Autopercepción de salud con sexo masculino, vivienda en comunidad, tener estilo de vida excelente/muy bueno y no tener o no saber que hay casos de AVC en la familia. Conclusión La percepción de salud a menudo fue optimista, necesitándose identificar los dispositivos que se deben trabajar para acercar la percepción de su real condición de salud, incrementando la efectividad de las acciones de promoción de la salud desarrolladas por los profesionales.Objective To analyze the association between socioeconomic situation, clinical characteristics referred and the family history of cardiovascular disease, with the Self-perceived health of young adults education and their implications for clinical characteristics observed. Method Analytical study conducted with 501 young adults who are students in countryside city in the Brazilian Northeast. We used binary logistic regression. Results The final model explained 83.3% of the self-perceived positive health, confirming the association of Self-perceived health with male, residence in the community, have excellent/very good lifestyle and does not have or do not know that there are cases of stroke in the family. Conclusion Health perception was often optimistic, being important to identify devices to be worked closer to their perception of their actual health condition, increasing the effectiveness of health promotion activities undertaken by professionals

Early neonatal mortality according to level of hospital complexity in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi analisar o perfil dos recém-nascidos, mães e mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo complexidade do hospital e vínculo com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudo baseado em dados de nascidos vivos, óbitos e cadastro de hospitais. Para obter a tipologia de complexidade e o perfil da clientela, empregaram-se análise fatorial e de clusters. O SUS atende mais recém-nascidos de risco e mães com baixa escolaridade, pré-natal insuficiente e adolescentes. A probabilidade de morte neonatal precoce foi 5,6‰ nascidos vivos (65% maior no SUS), sem diferenças por nível de complexidade do hospital, exceto nos de altíssima (SUS) e média (não-SUS) complexidade. O diferencial de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre as duas redes é menor no grupo de recém-nascidos < 1.500g (22%), entretanto, a taxa é 131% mais elevada no SUS para os recém-nascidos > 2.500g. Há uma concentração de nascimentos de alto risco na rede SUS, contudo a diferença de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre a rede SUS e não-SUS é menor nesse grupo de recém-nascidos. Novos estudos são necessários para compreender melhor a elevada mortalidade de recém-nascidos > 2.500g no SUS.The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of newborns, mothers, and early neonatal mortality according to the hospital's complexity and affiliation (or lack thereof) with the Unified National Health System (SUS) in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study was based on data for live births, deaths, and hospital registries. Factor and cluster analysis were used to obtain the typology of hospital complexity and user profile. The SUS treats more high-risk newborns and mothers with low schooling, insufficient prenatal care, and teenage mothers. The probability of early neonatal death was 5.6‰ live births (65% higher in the SUS), with no significant differences by level of hospital complexity, except those with extremely high (SUS) and medium (non-SUS) complexity. The difference in early neonatal mortality between the two systems was smaller in the group of newborns with birth weight < 1,500g (22%), but the rate was 131% higher in the SUS for newborns > 2,500g. There was a concentration of high-risk births in the SUS, but the difference in early neonatal mortality between SUS and non-SUS hospitals was smaller in this group of newborns. New studies are needed to elucidate the high mortality rate among newborns with birth weight > 2,500g in the SUS.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi descrever as características do recém-nascido, da mãe e da mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo local de parto, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se coorte de nascidos vivos vinculados aos respectivos óbitos neonatais precoces, por técnica determinística. Identificou-se o parto domiciliar a partir da Declaração de Nascido Vivo e os ocorridos em estabelecimentos a partir da vinculação com o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram estudados 154.676 nascidos vivos, dos quais 0,3% dos nascimentos ocorreram acidentalmente em domicílio, 98,7% em hospitais e menos de 1% em outro serviço de saúde. A mortalidade foi menor no Centro de Parto Normal e nas Unidades Mistas de Saúde, condizente com o perfil de baixo risco obstétrico. As taxas mais elevadas ocorreram nos prontos-socorros (54,4 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos) e domicílios (26,7), representando um risco de morte, respectivamente, 9,6 e 4,7 vezes maior que nos hospitais (5,6). Apesar da alta predominância do parto hospitalar, há um segmento de partos acidentais tanto em domicílios como em prontos-socorros que merece atenção, por registrar elevadas taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce.The objective was to describe maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality rate according to place of delivery in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study linked the databases on live births and early neonatal deaths with the national hospital registry. Place of delivery was identified through certificates of live birth. There were a total of 154,676 live births: 98.7% in-hospital; 0.3% home deliveries, and 1% in other health services. Deliveries in birthing centers and small hospital units were associated with low obstetric risk and a low proportion of preterm and low birth weight infants, and as a result these services showed the lowest early neonatal mortality rate. Compared to hospital maternity ward deliveries, the early neonatal mortality rate was 4.7 times higher for home deliveries and 9.6 higher for emergency room deliveries. There is a high rate of hospital delivery care in São Paulo, but there is still a small portion of accidental home births and deliveries occurring in inappropriate health services, probably as a result of obstetric emergencies and difficulties in accessing hospital services.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

[Survival and risk factors for neonatal mortality in a cohort of very low birth weight infants in the southern region of São Paulo city, Brazil].

Population studies can help identify the complex set of risk factors for neonatal mortality among very low birth weight infants. A cohort (2000-2001) of 213 live newborns with birth weight < 1,500g in the southern region of São Paulo city, Brazil, was studied (112 neonatal deaths and 101 survivors). Data were obtained from home interviews and hospital records. Survival analysis and multiple Cox regression were performed. The high mortality in the delivery room and in the first day of life among neonates < 1,000g and < 28 weeks gestational age and the absence of survival in neonates < 700g suggest that care was actively oriented towards newborns with better prognosis. Increased risk of neonatal mortality was associated with maternal residence in slum areas, history of previous cesarean(s), history of induced abortion(s), adolescent motherhood, vaginal bleeding, and lack of prenatal care. Cesarean section and referral of the newborn to the hospital nursery showed protective effects. Birth weight less than 1,000g and Apgar index < 7 were associated with increased risk. The high mortality was due to poor living conditions and to maternal and neonatal characteristics. Improvement in prenatal and neonatal care could reduce neonatal mortality in these infants

Exploring the effect of time and sex in family and community violence from 2008 to 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the time and the sex of victims and perpetrators on the rates of family and community physical violence in a Brazilian municipality over seven years (2008–2014). METHODS: We made a census analysis from non-fatal victims attended in the Forensic Institute of the Scientific Civil Police. The monthly and annual violence rates were calculated based on the population size of the municipality. Time series was evaluated by negative binomial regression models, based on the number of cases with population offset and considering the effect of the sex of victims and perpetrators. RESULTS: A total of 3,324 cases of family and 4,634 cases of community violence were analyzed. There was a significant increase in family violence rates for female victims and male perpetrators. Family violence rates were always higher for female victims than for male and it was always lower for female perpetrators than for male (p &lt; 0.001). There was a lower risk of community violence for male victims after 2013 and a decrease of aggression perpetrated by men over time. Men and women were similarly affected by community violence; however, the perpetrators were more frequently men. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a trend of increasing female victims in the family violence, mainly perpetrated by men. The reduction in community violence rates could be the result of policies to reduce crime

What is the impact of interventions that prevent fetal mortality on the increase of preterm live births in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil?

BACKGROUND: There is a global growing trend of preterm births and a decline trend of fetal deaths. Is there an impact of the decline of fetal mortality on the increase of preterm live births in State of Sao Paulo, Brazil? METHODS: The time trends were evaluated by gestational age through exponential regression analysis. Data analyzed included the fetal mortality ratio, proportion of preterm live births, fertility rate of women 35 years and over, prenatal care, mother's education, multiple births and cesarean section deliveries. A survival analysis was carried out for 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: Preterm births showed the highest annual increase (3.2%) in the less than 28 weeks of gestation group and fetal mortality ratio decreased (7.4%) in the same gestational age group. There was an increase of cesarean section births and it was higher in the < 28 weeks group (6.1%). There was a decreased annual trend of mothers with inadequate prenatal care (6.1%) and low education (8.8%) and an increased trend in multiple births and fertility rates of women of 35 years and over. The variables were highly correlated to which other over time. In 2000, 8.2% of all pregnancies resulted in preterm births (0.9% in fetal deaths and 7.3% in live births). In 2010, the preterm birth increased to 9.4% (0.8% were preterm fetal deaths and 8.6% preterm live births). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that 45.2% could be the maximum contribution of successful interventions to prevent a fetal death on the increase in preterm live births. This increasing trend is also related to changes of the women reproductive profile with the change of the women reproductive profile and access to prenatal care

Factors associated with preterm birth in Campina Grande, Paraiba State, Brazil: a case-control study

A case-control study (2008-2009) analyzed risk factors for preterm birth in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba State, Brazil. A total of 341 preterm births and 424 controls were included. A multiple logistic regression model was used. Risk factors for preterm birth were: previous history of preterm birth (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.25-4.29), maternal age (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.00-4.03), inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.40-3.27), inadequate maternal weight gain (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.45-3.75), maternal physical injury (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.22-3.60), hypertension with eclampsia (OR = 17.08; 95% CI: 3.67-79.43) and without eclampsia (OR = 6.42; 95% CI: 3.50-11.76), hospitalization (OR = 5.64; 95% CI: 3.47-9.15), altered amniotic fluid volume (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.32-3.95), vaginal bleeding (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.01-2.34), and multiple gestation (OR = 22.65; 95% CI: 6.22-82.46). High and homogeneous prevalence of poverty and low maternal schooling among both cases and controls may have contributed to the fact that socioeconomic variables did not remain significantly associated with preterm birth

Fatores de risco para mortes fetais anteparto no Município de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores de risco para óbitos fetais anteparto. METODOS: Estudo de caso-controle de base populacional realizado no Município de São Paulo, SP, de agosto de 2000 a janeiro de 2001. Os indivíduos foram selecionados a partir de uma coorte de nascimentos, obtida por meio de vinculação de declarações de nascimento e óbito. Os casos foram 164 óbitos fetais anteparto e os controles, uma amostra aleatória de 313 de sobreviventes até 28 dias. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com as mães e aplicado protocolo hospitalar. Foi empregada regressão logística para análise dos dados, baseado em modelo conceitual hierárquico. RESULTADOS: Os fatores estatisticamente significantes associados aos óbitos fetais anteparto foram: mães com união recente ou sem união; escolaridade da mãe inferior a quatro anos; nascimentos anteriores de baixo peso; mães com hipertensão, diabetes, e sangramento durante a gestação; ausência ou pré-natal inadequado presença de malformação congênita e presença de pequeno para idade gestacional. As maiores frações de risco atribuível na população foram inadequação do pré-natal (40%), hipertensão (27%), presença de pequeno para idade gestacional (30%), e ausência de união com mais de um ano (26%). CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores de risco proximais são os mais importantes para a mortalidade fetal anteparto. Entretanto, fatores distais como mães de baixa escolaridade e união recente ou ausente também desempenham importante papel. Melhorar acesso e qualidade do pré-natal pode promover impacto positivo na mortalidade fetal.OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for antepartum fetal deaths. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was carried out in the city of São Paulo from August 2000 to January 2001. Subjects were selected from a birth cohort from a linked birth and death certificate database. Cases were 164 antepartum fetal deaths and controls were drawn from a random sample of 313 births surviving at least 28 days. Information was collected from birth and death certificates, hospital records and home interviews. A hierarchical conceptual framework guided the logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors associated with antepartum fetal death were: mother without or recent marital union; mother's education under four years; mothers with previous low birth weight infant; mothers with hypertension, diabetes, bleeding during pregnancy; no or inadequate prenatal care; congenital malformation and intrauterine growth restriction. The highest population attributable fractions were for inadequacy of prenatal care (40%), hypertension (27%), intrauterine growth restriction (30%) and absence of a long-standing union (26%). CONCLUSIONS: Proximal biological risk factors are most important in antepartum fetal deaths. However, distal factors - mother's low education and marital status - are also significant. Improving access to and quality of prenatal care could have a large impact on fetal mortality

Qualidade das informações registradas nas declarações de óbito fetal em São Paulo, SP

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of information registered on fetal death certificates. METHODS: Records were reviewed from 710 fetal deaths registered in the consolidated database of deaths from the State System for Data Analysis and the São Paulo State Secretary of Health, for deaths in São Paulo municipality (Southeastern Brazil) during the first semester of 2008. Completeness was analyzed for variables on fetal death certificates issued by hospitals and autopsy service. The death certificates from a sub-sample of 212 fetal deaths in hospitals of the National Unified Health System (public) were compared to medical records and to the records from Coroners Office. RESULTS: Among death certificates, 75% were issues by Coroners Office, with a greater frequency in public hospitals (78%). Completeness of variables on death certificates issued by hospitals was higher among non-public hospitals. There was greater completeness, agreement and sensitivity in death certificates issued by hospitals. There was low agreement and high specificity for variables related to maternal characteristics. Increased reporting of gender, birth weight and gestational age was observed in certificates issued by Coroners Office. Autopsies did not result in improved ascertainment of cause of death, with 65.7% identified as unspecified fetal death as 24.3% as intrauterine hypoxia, while death certificates by hospitals reported 18.1% as unspecified and 41.7% as intrauterine hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Completeness and the ascertainment of cause of fetal death need to be improved. The high proportion of autopsies did not improve information and ascertainment of cause of death. The quality of information generated by autopsies depends on access to hospital records.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da informação registrada nas declarações de óbito fetal. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental com 710 óbitos fetais em hospitais de São Paulo, SP, no primeiro semestre de 2008, registrados na base unificada de óbitos da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados e da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo. Foi analisada a completitude das variáveis das declarações de óbito fetal emitidas por hospitais e Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos. Os registros das declarações de óbito de uma amostra de 212 óbitos fetais de hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde foram comparados com os dados dos prontuários e do registro do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos. RESULTADOS: Dentre as declarações de óbito, 75% foram emitidas pelo Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos, mais freqüente nos hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (78%). A completitude das variáveis das declarações de óbito emitidas pelos hospitais foi mais elevada e foi maior nos hospitais não pertencentes ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Houve maior completitude, concordância e sensibilidade nas declarações de óbito emitidas pelos hospitais. Houve baixa concordância e elevada especificidade para as variáveis relativas às características maternas. Maior registro das variáveis sexo, peso ao nascer e duração da gestação foi observada nas declarações emitidas no Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos. A autópsia não resultou em aprimoramento da indicação das causas de morte: a morte fetal não especificada representou 65,7% e a hipóxia intrauterina, 24,3%, enquanto nas declarações emitidas pelos hospitais foi de 18,1% e 41,7%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: É necessário aprimorar a completitude e a indicação das causas de morte dos óbitos fetais. A elevada proporção de autópsias não melhorou a qualidade da informação e a indicação das causas de morte. A qualidade das informações geradas de autópsias depende do acesso às informações hospitalares.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de la información registrada en las declaraciones de óbito fetal. MÉTODOS: Estudio documental con 710 óbitos fetales en hospitales de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, en el primer semestre de 2008, registrados en la base unificada de óbitos de la Fundación Sistema Estatal de Análisis de Datos y de la Secretaria de Estado de la Salud de Sao Paulo. Se analizó la completitud de las variables de las declaraciones de óbito fetal emitidas por hospitales y Servicio de Verificación de Óbitos. Los registros de las declaraciones de óbito de una muestra de 212 óbitos fetales de hospitales del Sistema Único de Salud (público) fueron comparados con los dados de los prontuarios y del registro del Servicio de Verificación de Óbitos. RESULTADOS: Entre as declaraciones de óbito, 75% fueron emitidas por el Servicio de Verificación de Óbitos, más frecuente en los hospitales públicos (78%). La completitud de las variables de las declaraciones de óbito emitidas por los hospitales fue más elevada y fue mayor en los hospitales no-públicos. Hubo mayor completitud, concordancia y sensibilidad en las declaraciones de óbito emitidas por los hospitales. Hubo baja concordancia y elevada especificidad para las variables relativas a las características maternas. Mayor registro de las variables sexo, peso al nacer y duración de la gestación fue observada en las declaraciones emitidas en el Servicio de Verificación de Óbito. La autopsia no resultó en mejoramiento de la indicación de las causas de muerte: la muerte fetal no especificada representó 65,7% y la hipoxia intrauterina, 24,3%, mientras que en las declaraciones emitidas por los hospitales fue de 18,1% y 41,7%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario mejorar la completitud y la indicación de las causas de muerte de los óbitos fetales. La elevada proporción de autopsias no mejoró la calidad de la información y la indicación de las causas de muerte. La calidad de las informaciones generadas de autopsias depende del acceso a las informaciones hospitalarias

Factors associated with preterm birth in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil: a case-control study

A case-control study (2008-2009) analyzed risk factors for preterm birth in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 341 preterm births and 424 controls were included. A multiple logistic regression model was used. Risk factors for preterm birth were: previous history of preterm birth (OR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.25-4.29), maternal age (OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.00-4.03), inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.40-3.27), inadequate maternal weight gain (OR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.45-3.75), maternal physical injury (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.22-3.60), hypertension with eclampsia (OR = 17.08; 95%CI: 3.67-79.43) and without eclampsia (OR = 6.42; 95%CI: 3.50-11.76), hospitalization (OR = 5.64; 95%CI: 3.47-9.15), altered amniotic fluid volume (OR = 2.28; 95%CI: 1.32-3.95), vaginal bleeding (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.01-2.34), and multiple gestation (OR = 22.65; 95%CI: 6.22-82.46). High and homogeneous prevalence of poverty and low maternal schooling among both cases and controls may have contributed to the fact that socioeconomic variables did not remain significantly associated with preterm birth