Glycemic Threshold as an Alternative Method to Identify the Anaerobic Threshold in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: To analyze the agreement between the velocity, heart rate, and oxygen uptake values corresponding to second ventilatory threshold and glycemic threshold in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Twenty-four untrained patients (55.1 ± 8.9 years) were evaluated. Three different parameters of training intensity corresponding to anaerobic threshold, one mechanical (velocity) and two physiological (heart rate and oxygen uptake) parameters, were identified by a classical method (second ventilatory threshold) and by an alternative method (glycemic threshold). To determine the threshold values, patients performed an incremental treadmill test, with an initial velocity of 3 km.h-1 for 3 min, that was then increased by 1 km.h-1 every 2 min. Comparisons between mean values and the degree of agreement between second ventilatory threshold and glycemic threshold were analyzed using the paired t-test and Bland-Altman test, respectively.Results: All patients performed the tests appropriately, and no adverse effects were recorded. Patients demonstrated similar mean velocity (p = 0.25), heart rate (p = 0.97) and oxygen uptake (p = 0.71) between the ventilatory threshold (6.4 ± 0.6 km.h-1, 130.1 ± 18.7 bpm, 15.2 ± 3.5 ml.kg.min-1) and the glycemic threshold (6.2 ± 0.9 km.h-1, 130.2 ± 12.8 bpm, 15.0 ± 3.8 ml.kg.min-1).Conclusion: The present study indicates an agreement between the glycemic and second ventilatory methods in determination of the anaerobic threshold of patients with type 2 diabetes; and thus, either method may be used for these patients

Comportamento da frequência cardíaca e da percepção de esforço em diferentes metodologias de Sessão de Jump

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi de verificar se as diferentes estratégias de alteração da intensidade das aulas de Jump são efetivas para promover modificações na frequência cardíaca (FC) e na percepção de esforço (PE) de mulheres praticantes desta modalidade. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por nove mulheres com experiência na modalidade (25,44±3,81 anos), as quais participaram dos seguintes protocolos: avaliação antropométrica, familiarização, sessão de jump padrão e sessão com estratégia diferenciada. Cada estratégia possuía uma duração de seis minutos com movimentos específicos sobre o mini trampolim, sendo avaliada a FC (Frequencímetro) e a PE (Escala RPE de Borg). As estratégias diferenciadas constituíram no aumento do ritmo de execução, no aumento da força de aplicação dos pés sobre o mini trampolim e no aumento da amplitude dos movimentos realizados. Para análise dos dados usamos a estatística descritiva com médias e desvio padrão, sendo as variáveis comparadas por meio da Anova para medidas repetidas (α = 5%). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram valores significativamente superiores da FC na estratégia ritmo (155±11 bpm; p=0,013), força (153±10 bpm; p=0,011) e amplitude (160±9 bpm; p=0,001), quando comparados com a sessão padrão (135±13 bpm), sendo a estratégia amplitude superior a estratégia força (p=0,048). Os valores de PE variaram entre 13 e 16, sendo que todas as estratégias diferenciadas foram superiores a sessão padrão (p<0,05). Conclusão: Desta forma, concluímos que as estratégias utilizadas são efetivas para a alteração da intensidade na modalidade de Jump. ABSTRACT Behavior of heart frequency and perception of effort in different jump session methodologiesObjective: The aim of this study was to verify if different strategies in changes intensity of Jump workout are effective to promote changes in heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (PE) of women Jump practitioners. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of nine women Jump practitioners (25.44 ± 3.81 years), which participated in the following protocols: anthropometric, familiarization, standard jump session and meeting with different strategy. Each strategy had a duration of six minutes with specific movements on the mini trampoline, being evaluated HR (heart rate monitors) and PE (Scale Borg RPE). Different strategy constituted in increasing of implementation pace, increased the foot force application on the mini trampoline and increasing the movements amplitude. For data analysis was used descriptive statistics with mean and standard deviation, and the variables were compared by repeated measures ANOVA (α = 5%). Results: The results showed significantly higher values of FC rate strategy (155 ± 11 bpm; p=0.013), strength (153 ± 10 bpm; p=0,011) and amplitude (160 ± 9 bpm; p=0,001) when compared to default session (135 ± 13 bpm). The FC was greater in amplitude strategy than strength strategy (p <0.05). The PE values ranged between 13 and 16, and all of the different strategies were higher than the default session (p <0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that the strategies used are effective for the change in intensity in the Jump workout

High-intensity interval running impairs subsequent upper limb strength performance

BACKGROUND: This study compared the effect of treadmill running on subsequent upper limb exercise performance in young men. METHODS: Seventeen young men (24.8±5.2 years) completed a (1) bench press resistance exercise control session; (2) treadmill interval running protocol followed by the bench press session; (3) treadmill continuous running protocol followed by the bench press session. Four sets of the bench press exercise were performed at 80% of 1RM up to volitional failure. In the interval protocol, eight sprints of 40s at 100% of the velocity of maximal oxygen uptake, with 20s of passive interval between them were performed, whereas in the continuous protocol 30-min of treadmill running at 90% of the heart rate corresponding to second ventilatory threshold was performed. The number of maximal repetitions completed in each set and condition was recorded and compared using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The interval protocol (18.7 ± 4.9 repetitions) resulted in a reduction in the number of bench press repetitions compared to the control protocol (21.4 ± 5.4 repetitions) (p=0.002); whereas continuous running did not affect the bench press performance (20.6 ± 4.4 repetitions). The total number of repetitions reduced from set to set in all protocols (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results evidenced an impairment in the upper limb strength performance after high intensity interval, but not moderate intensity continuous running, which has implication for concurrent training planning and prescription

Influence of age on postural sway during different dual-task conditions

Dual-task performance assessments of competing parallel tasks and postural outcomes are growing in importance for geriatricians, as it is associated with predicting fall risk in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the postural stability during different dual-task conditions including visual (SMBT), verbal (CBAT) and cognitive (MAT) tasks in comparison with the standard Romberg’s open eyes position (OE). Furthermore, these conditions were investigated in a sample of young adults and a group of older healthy subjects to examine a potential interaction between type of secondary task and age status. To compare these groups across the four conditions, a within-between mixed model ANOVA was applied. Thus, a stabilometric platform has been used to measure center of pressure velocity (CoPV), sway area (SA), antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) oscillations as extents of postural sway. Tests of within-subjects effects indicated that different four conditions influenced the static balance for CoPV (p<0.001), SA (p<0.001). Post-hoc analyses indicated that CBAT task induced the worst balance condition on CoPV and resulted in significantly worse scores than OE (-11.4%; p<0.05), SMBT (-17.8% p<0.01) and MAT (-17.8% p<0.01) conditions; the largest SA was found in OE, and it was statistically larger than SMBT (-27.0%, p<0.01) and MAT (-23.1%; p<0.01). The between-subjects analysis indicated a general lower balance control in the group of elderly subjects (CoPV p<0.001, SA p<0.002), while, the mixed model ANOVA did not detect any interaction effect between types of secondary task and groups in any parameters (CoPV p=0.154, SA p=0.125). Postural sway during dual-task assessments was also found to decrease with advancing age, however, no interactions between aging and types of secondary tasks were found. Overall, these results indicated that the secondary task which most influenced the length of sway path, as measured by postural stability was a simple verbal assignment

Effectiveness of m-health-based core strengthening exercise and health education for public safety workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: study protocol for a superiority randomized controlled trial (SAFEBACK)

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Public safety workers are highly exposed to physically demanding activities and inappropriate postures, increasing the risk of experiencing LBP. Smartphone app-based self-managed interventions may be an alternative for chronic non-specific LBP (CNSLBP) treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program plus health education, compared to a health education program alone, on neuromuscular and perceptual outcomes in police officers and firefighters with CNSLBP. Methods This is a parallel, two-armed, blinded evaluator randomized clinical trial. Police officers and firefighters (from public safety institutions in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) will be randomly assigned to a m-health self-managed exercise program (twice a week) plus health education or health education alone. Self-management exercise program components are mobility and core resistance exercises, available on the app. Follow-ups will be conducted post-treatment (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after randomization. The co-primary outcomes will be pain intensity and disability post-treatment (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes will be biopsychosocial factors related to CNSLBP. Discussion We hypothesize that the effects of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program on co-primary and secondary outcomes will be superior, compared to the health education only in public safety workers with CNSLBP. Trial registration The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05481996. Registered on August 01, 2022)

CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO STATIONARY RUNNING IN WATER AND ON LAND

The aim of the study was to compare maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory responses between progressive tests on a treadmill on land (TRE), and stationary running on land (SRL) and in water (SRW), while also comparing two methods of determining the second turn point (ST) (ventilatory curve and heart rate deflection point). The study sample consisted of nine active women (23 ± 1.94 years) that performed three maximal protocols in separate days. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured in all sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Greater values of maximal HR (HRmax) and HR at ST (HRST) were observed during exercise performed on TRE and during the SRL, compared to the SRW (p < 0.05). The results for maximal VO2 (VO2max) and VO2 at ST (VO2ST) showed greater and significant values on TRE compared to STL and STW (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HR and VO2 corresponding to the ST showed similar values between the two methods. Thus, the main conclusion of the present study was that the HR deflection point seems to be a simple and practical alternative method for determining the ST in all protocols analyze