Effect of different stabilizers on acceptability and shelfstability of soy-yoghurt

The effect of cassava starch and corn starch on the consumers` acceptability and shelf- stability of soyyoghurt was investigated. Three batches of soy-yoghurt were prepared using corn starch, cassavastarch and gelatin as stabilizers, while the fourth batch served as control. All the batches were organoleptically evaluated and stored at 6 ± 2oC for 16 days and were subjected to physical examinationand chemical analyses such as pH, titratable acidity (TTA) and microbial counts. All the stabilizers prevent whey separation. A putrid/offensive odour developed in all yoghurt samples from the 8th day of storage; while gas production was observed in all stabilized soy-yoghurt samples. For both pH and TTA, there was significant difference (

Locating faults in MANET-hosted software systems

We present a method to locate faults in service-based software systems hosted on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In such systems, computations are structured as interdependent services distributed across the network, collaborating to satisfy client requests. Faults, which may occur at either or both the service and network layers, propagate by cascading through some subset of the services, from their root causes back to the clients that initiate requests. Fault localization in this environment is especially challenging because the systems are typically subject to a wider variety and higher incidence of faults than those deployed in fixed networks, the resources available to collect and store analysis data are severely limited, and many of the sources of faults are by their nature transient. Our method makes use of service-dependence and fault data that are harvested in the network through decentralized, run-time observations of service interactions and fault symptoms. We have designed timing- and Bayesian-based reasoning techniques to analyze the data in the context of a specific fault propagation model. The analysis provides a ranked list of candidate fault locations. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the performance of our method in terms of its accuracy in correctly ranking root causes under a wide range of operational conditions

Why biodiversity is important to the functioning of real-world ecosystems

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth\u27s carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying twilight zone where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean\u27s interior on time scales of months to millennia. Here we present a measurement/synthesis/modeling framework aimed at quantifying the fates of upper ocean NPP and its impacts on the global carbon cycle based upon the EXPORTS Science Plan. The proposed approach will diagnose relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical, and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states leading to advances in satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models. To collect these data, a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling is proposed which enables the sampling of the many pathways of NPP export and fates. This coordinated, process-oriented approach has the potential to foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of research goals of many international research agencies and will be a key step toward our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system

Prediction of the Export and Fate of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The EXPORTS Science Plan

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth\u27s carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying twilight zone where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean\u27s interior on time scales of months to millennia. Here we present a measurement/synthesis/modeling framework aimed at quantifying the fates of upper ocean NPP and its impacts on the global carbon cycle based upon the EXPORTS Science Plan. The proposed approach will diagnose relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical, and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states leading to advances in satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models. To collect these data, a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling is proposed which enables the sampling of the many pathways of NPP export and fates. This coordinated, process-oriented approach has the potential to foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of research goals of many international research agencies and will be a key step toward our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system

Adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy after curative resection of gastric cancer

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Author’s replypublished_or_final_versio

The translation of financial terms between English and Arabic, with particular reference to Islamic banking

This thesis investigates the main features of professional translations of Islamic banking terms from Arabic to English and of translations of financial terms in English-Arabic dictionaries. The focus of the study is an analysis of three different translations (by Hamilton, Baintner and Nyazee) of the well-known Hanafi text Al-Hidāyah by Al-Marghinani, fatwas translated by Talal DeLorenzo in A Compendium of Legal Opinions on the Operation of Islamic Banks and the Saudi official fatwa website. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the thesis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of Islamic banking. Chapter 3 provides an account of the semantic principles which are used to investigate the terms under investigation. Chapter 4 examines Islamic financial terminology in the translations of Hamilton, Baintner, Nyazee, DeLorenzo and the Saudi official fatwa website, in order to ascertain: (i) what translation techniques are used by these translators; (ii) how frequently each of these translation techniques are used; and (iii) how acceptable each of these translation techniques is on average. In Chapter 5, the quantitative aspect of the analysis of Islamic financial terminology is developed, by seeking via a questionnaire the opinion of three groups of the translations of Hamilton, Baintner, Nyazee, and DeLorenzo in respect of (i) acceptability, (ii) comprehensibility. These groups are: 1. Arab professional translators (from Saudi Arabia), 2. Arab student translators (from Saudi Arabia), and 3. British student translators. The questionnaire analysed in Chapter 5 also asks the three groups of respondents, in cases where they deem translations to be unacceptable, to identify what translation technique(s) they find unacceptable. The results deriving from this analysis in Chapter 5 are compared with the acceptability judgements for individual translation techniques produced in Chapter 4, to provide a more detailed and insightful account of what translators find unacceptable in the translation of technical Arabic financial terms into English. Chapter 6 considers dictionaries of banking terms, assessing the degree of concordance between the subjects of the sample and translators on the one hand, and the financial term translations given in dictionaries, on the other. A short questionnaire was distributed to a group of qualified translators to evaluate the success of the translations of the terms identified in the texts. Chapter 7 provides a conclusion to the current work, and recommendations for future research

An assessment of the use of sediment traps for estimating upper ocean particle fluxes

This review provides an assessment of sediment trap accuracy issues by gathering data to address trap hydrodynamics, the problem of zooplankton “swimmers,” and the solubilization of material after collection. For each topic, the problem is identified, its magnitude and causes reviewed using selected examples, and an update on methods to correct for the potential bias or minimize the problem using new technologies is presented. To minimize hydrodynamic biases due to flow over the trap mouth,the use of neutrally buoyant sediment traps is encouraged. The influence of swimmers is best minimized using traps that limit zooplankton access to the sample collection chamber. New data on the impact of different swimmer removal protocols at the US time-series sites HOT and BATS are compared and shown to be important. Recent data on solubilization are compiled and assessed suggesting selective losses from sinking particles to the trap supernatant after collection, which may alter both fluxes and ratios of elements in long term and typically deeper trap deployments. Different methods are needed to assess shallow and short- term trap solubilization effects, but thus far new incubation experiments suggest these impacts to be small for most elements. A discussion of trap calibration methods reviews independent assessments of flux, including elemental budgets, particle abundance and flux modeling, and emphasizes the utility of U-Th radionuclide calibration method

The feasibility of using electromagnetic waves in determining the moisture content of building fabrics and the cause of the water ingress

In this paper, the feasibility of using electromagnetic (EM) waves is determining the moisture content of building fabrics and the case of water ingress in experimentally assessed. This paper will concentrate on investigating the propagation of EM waves through typical structures and their interaction with concealed pipework, wiring and timber. All current methods are overviewed and analysed. Novel microwave sensor described in this paper operates in 6 GHz to 12 GHz frequency range using Marconi 6200A microwave test set. Results of experimental test confirm that microwaves can be used as an alternative nondestructive method for identifying different object behind the walls

2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl­phenyl diphenyl­phosphinate

In the title mol­ecule, C25H20N3O2P, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzotriazol ring system and the N-bonded benzene ring is 45.8 (2)°. All but one of the angles at the P atom show slight distortions from an ideal tetra­hedral geometry