Recent Developments in Seedless Grapevine Breeding

Grapes are one of the most commonly produced fruit crops in the world and are consumed as table grapes, wine grapes and dried grapes. In line with consumer demands, seedlessness continues to be an important feature that increases the chances of marketing grapes. Nearly all of the dried grapes that are offered to the world markets are seedless grapes. In addition, the demand for seedless varieties has increased steadily in the table grape trade over the years. Therefore, the production of new seedless grape varieties withlarge berries that are suitable for table consumption is one of the important goals of breeding studies in viticulture. In this study, recently bred and released new seedless grape varieties are briefly introduced, seedless grape breeding methods are summarised, and the latest developments in breeding methods are explained

2-(Morpholin-4-yl)-6-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)­pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile

In the title compound, C15H13N5O, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyrrole ring and the pyridine ring is 28.93 (14)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur, and aromatic weak π–π stacking [centroid–centroid separation = 4.178 (2) Å] and C—H⋯π inter­actions consolidate the packing

1-(2-Hy­droxy­eth­yl)-4-[3-(2-trifluoro­methyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-yl­idene)prop­yl]piperazine-1,4-diium dichloride: the dihydro­chloride salt of flupentixol

In the title compound, C23H27F3N2OS+·2Cl−, the piperazinediium ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two outer aromatic rings of the 9H-thioxanthene unit is 40.35 (18)°. The F atoms in the trifluoro­methyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.803 (6) and 0.197 (6). In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [001]. There are also C—H⋯π inter­actions present in the crystal structure

Oxomemazine hydro­chloride

In the title compound [systematic name: 3-(5,5-dioxo­phen­othia­zin-10-yl)-N,N,2-trimethyl­propanaminium chloride], C18H23N2O2S+·Cl−, the dihedral angle between the two outer aromatic rings of the phenothia­zine unit is 30.5 (2)°. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

2-((E)-{[4-(Hy­droxy­meth­yl)phen­yl]imino}­meth­yl)phenol

The title compound, C14H13NO2, adopts the enol–imine tautomeric form, with an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond which generates an S(6) ring motif. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 7.85 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional array that stacks along the a axis. In addition, a C—H⋯π inter­action contributes to the stabilization of the crystal packing