S-pure Extensions of Locally Compact Abelian Groups

In this paper, we introduce the concept and study some properties of an s-pure subgroup and a s-pure extension in the category of locally compact abelian groups.Comment: 11 pages, accepted for publications in Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistic

Trends and predictors of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection and their association with infant feeding practices in South Asia : nation-wide cross-sectional surveys

Childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in many parts of the world including South Asia. These illnesses are known to occur most frequently under circumstances of poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, inadequate water supplies, and poverty. In most South Asian countries, the control of diarrhoeal disease, including promotion of breastfeeding, oral rehydration therapy and specific health education has been a part of national strategies aimed at improving the quality of life and reducing the burdens caused by these diseases. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of four south Asian Countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal) were utilised in this thesis to conduct multivariate modelling for all analyses. This thesis first examines the socio-demographic and other factors associated with childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in each of the four countries. The thesis then explores trends and predictors of childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in two of the four countries. Finally, the thesis further examines the association of childhood diarrhoea with infant and young child feeding practices in south Asia. This study suggests the need for a comprehensive (or multifaceted) interventions which involves the adoption of social protection policies such as cash transfer programs and education interventions to reduce childhood diarrhoea and ARI especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in four South Asia countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, India Pakistan) thus, setting these countries on its path to achieving the post-2015 sustainable development goals of improving health

Characterization and conservation of wetlands with global change dynamics: a case study on Ratargul Swamp Forest, Bangladesh

Mestrado Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management / Instituto Superior de Agronomia - ULBangladesh is known as the largest delta in the world, where 50% of the total country's national land is wetlands. This wetland includes rivers, estuaries, mangroves, freshwater marshes, river marsh areas, water storage reservoirs, ponds and other seasonal flood areas. About 50% of people in this country are directly dependent on wetland resources for subsistence and 70% of animal protein in the country comes from fresh water fish. Moreover, 6-8% revenue comes from only marsh areas. However, most of these wetlands of Bangladesh are being destroyed due to the high population pressure and extreme level of resource extraction. A case study was completed in the Swamp Ratargul forest with the aim of characterizing the functions, values and services of the forest. This study also explores the dependence criteria of the local human population, disruption and optimal management option for this forest. To complete this study, approaches were followed by qualitative and quantitative research. The rural population was engaged in participatory tools to collect socio-economic information. GIS were used to detect changes in land use over time. The results showed that the forest is located 35 m above mean sea level. During the rainy season, the average height of the forest floor water level is 4 m. This forest provides various products and ecosystem services, which plays a key role in the livelihood of the local population. But, degradation and disturbance of the forest are significant. The study showed that the high-density forest was reduced in 18.40 hectares and the degraded area increased by 25.53 ha from 2005 to 2015. However, the participatory forest management approach could be an effective tool for sustainable managementN/

Concept and Consequence of Evapotranspiration for Sustainable Crop Production in the Era of Climate Change

The chapter provides an inclusive information related to the adverse effect of climate change on sustainable crop production through understanding evaporation, transpiration as well as evapotranspiration. It is anticipated that water availability in arid and semi-arid regions across the world will decrease, due to lack of rainfall and increase the temperature which leads to increase in the dry areas. Since climate change will impact on soil water balance that leads to change in evaporation and plant transpiration. While, with the increasing temperature, lack of precipitation and soils water unavailability, crop production will likely to decrease through shortening the crop growth cycle. While soils with high water holding capacity and crop cultivars which are tolerant to adverse effect as well as the application of improved management strategies will be better to reduce the impact of drought. Similarly, if the irrigated areas will be expanded, the total crop production will be increased that ultimately lead to increase the food security of increasing population

Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) in the Rice-Wheat Systems of South Asia Is Influenced by Terminal Heat Stress at Late Sown Condition: A Case in Bangladesh

Wheat plays an important role in attaining food and nutritional security in Bangladesh after rice. The demand of wheat has been increasing every year at the rate of 13% due to rapid changes in dietary habits, socio-economic upliftment, enhancement of per capita income, etc. Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI) has already released 34 high yielding, disease-resistant, and abiotic stress-tolerant wheat varieties, and improved management practices to the farmers. Although all the released varieties have climatic yield potential as high as 6.0 t ha−1 with the attainable average yield is 4.0–4.5 t ha−1, the national average yield in farmers’ field is only 3.49 t ha−1; it is specified that there is a huge yield gap existing among potential, attainable and actual yields. One of the most important reasons for this yield gap of wheat is the terminal high temperature stress (HS) in late sowing wheat. Generally, farmers in Bangladesh are sowing wheat lately due to delay in sowing monsoon rice and subsequent late harvest of the rice; as a result, late sown wheat faces terminal HS at reproductive stage. The chapter highlighted the consequences of terminal HS on wheat and potential approaches to mitigate the stress in Bangladesh

Effect of Temperature on Yield and Some Agronomic Characters of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Eight modern wheat varieties (viz., Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) were evaluated to find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition, to find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety and to find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Wheat Research Center (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 m above sea level.), Bangladesh, under eight sowing times (viz., 8 Nov., 15 Nov., 22 Nov., 29 Nov., 6 Dec., 13 Dec., 20 Dec. and 27 Dec.). Results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27, from the studied aspects of yield and yield components. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2nd), Sourav (3rd), Prodip (4th), Bijoy (5th), Gourab (6th), Sufi (7th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). In extremely heat stress (November 08 and December 27) condition Prodip was found to be heat sensitive genotype (yield reduction 41.18 and 28.92%), followed by BARI Gom-26 (yield reduction 41.15 and 22.73%). Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant. In very early (November 08), variety Sourav (yield reduction 20.47%) is recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 (yield reduction 27.91%) and in very late (December 27), Sufi is the best (yield reduction 8.60%), followed by Bijoy (yield reduction 11.05%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13932 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 1 (1&amp;2): 44-54, December, 201

Effect of Lime, Magnesium and Boron on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Residual Effects on Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

The study was carried out during 2007-2008 season in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur to know the effect of lime, Magnesium (Mg) and Boron (B) on yield and yield components of wheat and also their residual effect on mungbean. The geographical position of the area is between 25°62´ N, 88°63´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, both in wheat and mungbean. Treatments for wheat were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) recommended fertilizer + lime + B + Mg, (III) recommended fertilizer + lime + Mg, (IV) recommended fertilizer + lime + B and (V) control (Only recommended fertilizer) and for mungbean were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) 75% of recommended dose, (III) recommended fertilizer + B, (IV) recommended fertilizer + Mg and (V) control (without fertilizers). Results showed that the highest yield and yield components of wheat were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + B + Mg treated plot and the second highest were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + Mg treated plot. The lowest was recorded in control plot (only recommended fertilized). In case of mungbean the highest was found from recommended fertilizers + B treated plot, this treatment was limed in previously cultivated wheat crop and the lowest was recorded from control plot (without fertilizer). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 1 (1&amp;2): 9-15, December, 201