Medical Education Impact Assessment: Knowledge of Final Year Medical Students of Obafemi Awolowo University about Male Urethral Catheterization

Urethral catheterization is one of the commonest procedures performed by doctors either for prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Themedical education impact of this procedure on graduating medical students was assessed using a structured questionnaire.This is a questionnaire - based study and the respondents were final year medical students who have completed their final examinations.There were 86 respondents with M:F ratio of 1. About a third of the respondents have not done urethral catheterization during their training while only 7% have done the procedure more than 5 times. All the students know that urethral catheterization is a sterile procedure and 96% knew that sterile gloves should be donned during the procedure. 92.4% of the respondents knew that skin preparation was necessary during the procedure with 75% of them responding that cetriomide andchlorhexidine solution was appropriate. 54% of the students used xylocaine as lubricant while 46% used KY Jelly. On the quantity of the lubricant for catheterization, only 2.7% of the respondents felt that 11-15mls should be injected into the urethra. On the maximum amount of fluid to retain the balloon, only 36% of the students respondedthat it should be according to the specified capacity of the balloon. Majority of the students (88%) know that the catheter should get to theY-junction before it is inflated. Most of the students in this study were taught appropriately the procedure of urethral catheterization; however, about a third had not performed the procedure as a medical student.Keywords: Medical education, knowledge, male catheterizatio

Knowledge and experience of medical students with male urethral catheterization

Background: Urethral catheterization is a commonly performed procedure. Therefore medical students should receive adequate training in this technique to avoid devastating consequences of performing it poorly. This study was aimed at finding out the knowledge and experience of final year medical students with the technique of male urethral catheterization.Methods: Well-structured questionnaire was administered to each of the final year medical students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) one week to their final examinations.Results: All the 215 students received the questionnaire one week before their final examinations with 128 (60%) completing it. The male to female ratio was 1:1 with a mean age of 28 years. One hundred and twenty-five (98.4%) of the students had been throught male urethral catheterization. Thirty-five (27.6%) of the students have never performed male urethral catheterization. One hundred and fifteen students (90.6%) agreed that urethral catheterization is a sterile procedure. Sixty-nine (54.3%) students said xylocaine jelly should be used as lubricant.. Ninety four (74%) students said that they will inflate the balloon of the catheter when the Y junction gets to the tip of the penis. Forty-nine (38.6%) students said they are very confident about male urethral catheterization, 61 (48.0%) said reasonably confident while 5 (3.9%) are not confident at all.Conclusions: Urethral catheterization is a common procedure. Students should receive adequate instruction in this technique to avoid devastating consequences of performing it poorly

Tongue Entrapment in an Aluminium Milk Can: An Unusual Cause of Tongue Injury

Peri-oral injuries are common findings in paediatric patients; however, tongue injury following entrapment in bottles and cans is rare and has not been reported in our locality. A case of a 9- year old previously healthy female child who got her tongue tightly entrapped in an half opened aluminium milk can while in school is hereby presented. This case highlights the result of careless and often dangerous play and misadventures of children and the challenge of management. It calls for vigilance and close supervision of children by caregivers at home and at school. Early presentation, immediate intervention and treatment can prevent grave consequences

Successful treatment of high-flow priapism with radiologic transcatheter embolization of the internal pudendal artery: A case report

Priapism, a relatively uncommon disorder, is divided into ischemic (veno-occlusive, low flow) painful priapism and nonischemic (arterial, high flow) painless priapism.. We report our successful treatment of arterial priapism by means of radiologic selective transcatheter embolization of the internal pudendal artery using micro coil

Medical interns' knowledge and training regarding urethral catheter insertion and insertion-related urethral injury in male patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Improper catheterization can lead to urethral injury. Yet research from four continents suggests training of junior doctors in catheterization is insufficient. European research suggests a majority of catheterization related morbidities occur when the procedure is performed by interns.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To assess the knowledge and practices of medical interns relating to urethral catheterization and iatrogenic urethral injury secondary to traumatic catheter insertion, a questionnaire survey was conducted of all first year medical interns at a tertiary national university hospital in the Philippines. The questionnaire contained 17 items covering 4 areas: methods of training in catheterization and level of experience; perceived adequacy of training; theoretical knowledge of catheterization; the mechanisms of catheter-related urethral injury.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>225/240 interns (94%) completed the survey (130 (57.8%) female). 125 (55.6%) responded that they had adequate theoretical training and 150 (66.7%) adequate practical training. All had performed more than 10 catheterizations and 204 (90%) were supervised when they first performed catheterization. Despite relatively high levels of experience and confidence, deficits were identified in detailed knowledge of correct catheterization procedures and of risks associated with urethral injury.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>More thorough training of incoming medical interns in urinary catheterization may help to reduce the risk of complications and injury. Training should be universal and thought given to its timing within the curriculum. Training should include step by step instruction in the process, emphasis on history taking and awareness of factors associated with increased risk of urethral injury.</p

Etiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Epistaxis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: A Prospective Review of 104 Cases.

Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime, with 6% requiring medical attention. There is paucity of published data regarding the management of epistaxis in Tanzania, especially the study area. This study was conducted to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis at Bugando Medical Centre, a tertiary care hospital in Northwestern Tanzania. This was a prospective descriptive study of the cases of epistaxis managed at Bugando Medical Centre from January 2008 to December 2010. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS computer software version 15. A total of 104 patients with epistaxis were studied. Males were affected twice more than the females (2.7:1). Their mean age was 32.24 ± 12.54 years (range 4 to 82 years). The modal age group was 31-40 years. The commonest cause of epistaxis was trauma (30.8%) followed by idiopathic (26.9%) and hypertension (17.3%). Anterior nasal bleeding was noted in majority of the patients (88.7%). Non surgical measures such as observation alone (40.4%) and anterior nasal packing (38.5%) were the main intervention methods in 98.1% of cases. Surgical measures mainly intranasal tumor resection was carried out in 1.9% of cases. Arterial ligation and endovascular embolization were not performed. Complication rate was 3.8%. The overall mean of hospital stay was 7.2 ± 1.6 days (range 1 to 24 days). Five patients died giving a mortality rate of 4.8%. Trauma resulting from road traffic crush (RTC) remains the most common etiological factor for epistaxis in our setting. Most cases were successfully managed with conservative (non-surgical) treatment alone and surgical intervention with its potential complications may not be necessary in most cases and should be the last resort. Reducing the incidence of trauma from RTC will reduce the incidence of emergency epistaxis in our centre

Review of prostate cancer research in Nigeria

Prostate cancer (CaP) disparities in the black man calls for concerted research efforts. This review explores the trend and focus of CaP research activities in Nigeria, one of the ancestral nations for black men. It seeks to locate the place of the Nigerian research environment in the global progress on CaP disparities. Literature was reviewed mainly through a Pubmed search with the terms “prostate cancer”and “Nigeria”, as well as from internet and hard copies of journal pages

Epistaxis in Nigerians: A 3-year experience

Background: Epistaxis is a common symptom encountered in otolaryngological practice.This study was aimed at analyzing the aetiology, treatment and management outcome of the patients who presented with epistaxis at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.Methods: This is a prospective study of all consecutive patients that presented with epistaxis to our emergency rooms and ENT clinics from January 2003 to December 2005. Evaluation of patient included a detailed history taking and clinical examination. Control of epistaxis was obtained by treatment ranging from cauterization, anterior nasal packing to arterial ligation. Analysis was done using SPSS11.Results: A total of 106 patients who had on-going epistaxis were enrolled for the study. Eighty- two (77.4%) were male and 24 patients (22.6%) were female. Peak age incidence was in the age group 21- 40 (53.8%). Epistaxis was less common in the extremes of life. The most common aetiology was trauma (70.8%) Others included nasopharyngeal carcinoma, sinonasal carcinoma, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Majority of the patients (79.1%) were managed by nasal packing. All patients with atraumatic epistaxis (29.2%) had previous history of nasal bleeds. Blood transfusion was needed for 20 (18.9%) patients. The complication and mortality rates as a result of epistaxis were 1.9% (2 patients) and 0.9% (1 patient) respectively. Mean hospital stay was 5days ± 2.68.Conclusion: Most epistaxis patient can be managed by a non-interventional method. Surgical Interventional treatment should only be used following failure of adequate non-interventional treatment. Complication rate was low