Ryan White Care Act: First-Year Experiences under the Part D Administrative Expense Cap

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990 (CARE Act) makes federal funds available to assist those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Through the CARE Act, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), awards grants (known as Part D grants) to provide services to women, infants, children, and youth with HIV/AIDS and their families. These grantees incur administrative expenses and indirect costs, such as rent and utilities. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment and Modernization Act of 2006 (RWTMA), which took effect in fiscal year 2007, capped at 10 percent the amount that Part D grantees could spend on administrative expenses. According to HRSA, there is no cap on indirect costs, but grantees must have an indirect cost rate to use funds for indirect costs. RWTMA directed GAO to examine Part D spending. In this report GAO describes (1) the services that Part D grantees provide and what effect, if any, the administrative expense cap has had on those services and on grantee programs; (2) how Part D grantees report on administrative expenses, indirect costs, and compliance with the cap; and (3) how HRSA implemented the cap and grantees' views on that implementation. GAO surveyed all Part D grantees, interviewed selected grantees, reviewed Part D grant applications and guidance, and interviewed HRSA officials.

Addressing disparities

Reducing health disparities among our nation\ue2\u20ac\u2122s youth is a major priority for the Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH). As defined by the CDC, health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury and violence, or in opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. Populations can be defined by factors such as race or ethnicity, gender, education or income, disability, geographic location (e.g., rural or urban), or sexual orientation.CS-120830Publication date from document properties.disparities_2008.pd

HIV prevention interventions with adolescents: Innovations and challenges in partnerships across the integrated transitions model

In the USA, the incidence of HIV is rapidly increasing among young people. To increase the effectiveness of HIV prevention and care, efforts for adolescents should consist of interdisciplinary partnerships that address the complexity of the population and co-occurring physical and mental health issues. Partnerships among academic researchers; representatives from educational and testing organizations, health departments, clinics, and other community-based organizations (including youth-serving organizations); and adolescents themselves are essential. These partnerships can produce innovative strategies that address adolescent-specific issues related to HIV prevention, diagnosis, and care, as well as cultural norms and gender-role expectations particular to adolescents, their developmental stage, and their local communities. Such partnerships can also increase understanding during exploratory and formative evaluation phases, inform the development of interventions and programs that are most relevant to adolescents, and increase the likelihood that these interventions and programs will be implemented, found to be effective, and sustained (if warranted) by communities. Some academic researchers, clinicians, and other providers partner directly with adolescents, while others partner with youth-serving organizations to engage and work with adolescents.In this chapter, we use the integrated model of continuities and transition in adolescent/youth HIV prevention, diagnosis and treatment and the care continuum to illustrate innovative adolescent HIV prevention interventions and programs that engage adolescents and representatives from community organizations, incorporate partnerships, and promote community participation along a continuum. Specifically, we explore two types of partnership strategies—youth-engaged and organization-engaged. We provide an overview of the phases of the integrated model and associated programs with (and without) partnerships with adolescents and community organizations. We conclude with lessons learned and directions for future community-engaged research, interventions, and programs for primary and secondary HIV prevention with adolescents

Perinatal HIV Testing Policy Development In Wisconsin

Most children with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been infected through transmission of the virus from their mothers either in-utero, at delivery, or through breastfeeding. In 1994, pharmacological treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women prior to giving birth was shown to be effective in greatly reducing this transmission. Today, there is the potential for 1,000- 2,000 HIV infected babies to be born each year in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there are between 96,000 and 120,000 HIV-positive women of childbearing age in the United States and approximately one-third do not know their HIV status. Research shows that women want to protect their unborn children and are willing to accept antiretroviral treatment to reduce mother to child transmission of the virus if found to be HIV -positive. Thus, while we may not be able to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV entirely, because of women who refuse treatment or testing, we can greatly reduce unrecognized births to HIV -positive women by increasing the numbers of women who are tested and know their HIV status. This paper will examine and recommend the best strategy to increase HIV testing of pregnant women to further reduce HIV infection in children born in WisconsinMaster of Public Healt

Ryan White CARE Act: Program Changes Affecting Minority AIDS Initiative and Part D Grantees

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Under the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990 (CARE Act) federal funds are made available to assist those affected by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) awards CARE Act grants to states, territories, metropolitan areas, and others. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act of 2006 (RWTMA) reauthorized CARE Act programs for fiscal years 2007 through 2009. The CARE Act's Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) provides for grants through five parts (A, B, C, D, and F) with the goal of reducing HIV-related health disparities among minorities. RWTMA changed how HRSA awards MAI grants under Part A and Part B from a formula based on the demographics of the grantee to a competitive process. Part D provides for grants for services to women, infants, children, and youth with HIV/AIDS and their families. RWTMA capped Part D administrative expenses at 10 percent. GAO was asked to testify about CARE Act changes resulting from RWTMA. This testimony discusses (1) the implementation of the MAI provisions and (2) grantees' experiences under the Part D administrative expense cap. This testimony is based on two GAO reports, Ryan White Care Act: Implementation of the New Minority AIDS Initiative Provisions, GAO-09-315, and Ryan White Care Act: First-Year Experiences under the Part D Administrative Expense Cap, GAO-09-140.

Doe v. County of Centre

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

Addressing Social and Structural Determinants Affecting HIV Medical Care Among Adolescents Aged 13-24 in Georgia, 2013

BACKGROUND: Adolescents aged 13-24 account for a substantial number of new HIV infections every year in the United States. Timely linkage to care and continuous engagement is very imperative for effective medical interventions and overall improved health outcomes for HIV positive young adults. This thesis addresses and evaluates the factors affecting linkage to and retention in care for the newly diagnosed HIV positive adolescents in Georgia in 2013 and potential solutions to address the disparities. METHODS: The analysis assessed quantitative and qualitative data extracted from Georgia’s HIV Surveillance-Electronic HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS), Grady Infectious Disease Program (IDP), Ryan White CAREWare, and Georgia HIV Testing Data System. The data analysis was carried out using MS Excel and SAS 9.4. A univariate analysis was used by cross tabulating variables such as linked to care, any care, retention in care, and stratified by race/ethnicity, age, and risk factors. Inferential data was obtained from narrative reports of de-identified client-level from the Anti-Retroviral Treatment Access to Services (ARTAS) Intervention. Descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression were performed using SAS version 9.4 with significance set at p\u3c0.05. RESULTS: Of the total 2,555 newly diagnosed HIV infected persons in Georgia in 2013, 601 were adolescents aged 13-24 years old. In comparison to other age groups, adolescents had the second highest newly diagnosed rate. Of the HIV infected adolescents, only 58% were linked to care and 47% were retained in care. HIV infection was found prominently among Black MSM populations. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated differences in factors and barriers that are associated with HIV positive adolescents and linkage to medical care and retention in medical care provide evidence for developing public health interventions. Public health intervention programs that address sex education, effect of IV drug use, and the importance of health insurance may help curb the prevalence of both HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in at-risk groups

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention fiscal year 2011 grants summary profile report for District of Columbia

This profile includes selected CDC grants and cooperative agreements provided to health departments, universities, and other public and private agencies in District of Columbia. Refer to the \u201cAbout the Data\u201d section below for important qualifying statements about the data.2011 Population Estimate: 619,020Timeframe: 10/1/10 \u2013 9/30/11Publication date from document properties.District-of-Columbia-2011-CDC-Grants-Profile-Report.pdf2012https://fundingprofiles.cdc.gov/Report_Docs/PDFDocs/Rpt2011/District-of-Columbia-2011-CDC-Grants-Profile-Report.pdf875

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention fiscal year 2012 grants summary profile report for District of Columbia

This profile includes selected CDC grants and cooperative agreements provided to health departments, universities, and other public and private agencies in District of Columbia. Refer to the \u201cAbout the Data\u201d section below for important qualifying statements about the data.2012 Population Estimate: 632,323Timeframe: 10/1/11 \u2013 9/30/12Publication date from document properties.District-of-Columbia-2012-CDC-Grants-Profile-Report.pdf2013https://fundingprofiles.cdc.gov/Report_Docs/PDFDocs/Rpt2012/District-of-Columbia-2012-CDC-Grants-Profile-Report.pdf842