Influence of Prenatal Class to the Practice of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of prenatal class to the practice of P4K (Birth Planning And Prevention Of Birth Complication).Materials and Methods: This study applied analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The number of samples taken was as many as 30 mothers, using simple random sampling. Analysis of data was carried out using ordinal wilcoxon sign rank test. Datas were obtained from interviews and questionnaire.Result: The influence of prenatal class to practice of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication) (p = 0,0000). Conclusion: Prental class can influence to practic of P4K

Permodenan politikal dalam sektor ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi, Kedah

Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menganalisis hubungkait peranan antara pihak kerajaan dan pihak industri serta pihak masyarakat dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Pulau Langkawi merupakan destinasi ekopelancongan yang mendapat perhatian pelancong dari dalam dan juga luar negara. Satu set kaji selidik telah diedarkan kepada 400 pelancong yang datang ke Pulau Langkawi pada bulan Oktober 2013. Set soalan kaji selidik yang dijawab oleh pelancong akan dianalisis mengunakan kolerasi Spearman untuk melihat hubungan peranan pihak kerajaan, pihak industri dan pihak masyarakat yang mana ianya adalah persoalan dan objektif kajian ini. Kolerasi ini dianalisis menerusi perisian SPSS 21. Pelbagai soalan terdapat dalam set soalan kaji selidik itu dan antara soalan adalah maklumat peribadi pelancong dan juga berkaitan dengan peranan pihak kerajaan, pihak industri dan pihak masyarakat dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujud hubungan peranan antara ketiga-tiga pihak dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi dan kesimpulannya peranan yang dimainkan oleh setiap pihak adalah berhubungan secara langsung dalam membangunkan industri ekopelancongan dari semasa ke semasa

Hubungkait peranan pihak kerajaan dan pihak industri : pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi, Kedah

Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menganalis hubungkait hubungan antara pihak kerajaan dengan pihak industri dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Kajian ini juga bagi menjawab persoalan kajian ini iaitu adakah wujud hubungan peranan antara pihak kerajaan dan pihak industri dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Satu set kaji selidik telah diedarkan kepada 400 penduduk tempatan yang berkerja di sekitar Pekan Kuah dan Pantai Chenang di Pulau Langkawi pada bulan Oktober 2013 dan hasil set soalan kaji selidik yang telah dijawab oleh penduduk tempatan akan dianalisis dengan mengunakan analisis SEM Amos bagi melihat hubungkait peranan pihak kerajaan dengan pihak industri.Analisis ini adalah menerusi perisian SEM Amos 19. Pelbagai soalan terdapat dalam set soalan kaji selidik dan antara soalan yang ditanya adalah maklumat peribadi penduduk tempatan dan juga berkaitan dengan peranan pihak kerajaan dan industri dalam pembangunan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Hasil kajian telah mencapai objektif apabila menunjukkan wujud hubungkait peranan atara pihak kerajaan dengan pihak industri dalam membangunkan ekopelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Kesimpulannya hubungan peranan antara pihak kerajaan dengan pihak industri adalah perkara yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekopelancongan yang sentiasa berkembang dari semasa ke semasa

Influence of Prenatal Class to the Practise of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of prenatal class to the practice of P4K (Birth Planning And Prevention Of Birth Complication). Materials and Methods: This study applied analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The number of samples taken was as many as 30 mothers, using simple random sampling. Analysis of data was carried out using ordinal wilcoxon sign rank test.Datas were obtained from interviews and questionnaire. Result: The influence of prenatal class to practice of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication) (p = 0,0000).Conclusion: Prental class can influence to practic of P4K

The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is on the rise, thus the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Honey possesses therapeutic potential, including wound healing properties and antimicrobial activity. Although the antimicrobial activity of honey has been effectively established against an extensive spectrum of microorganisms, it differs depending on the type of honey. To date, no extensive studies of the antibacterial properties of tualang (<it>Koompassia excelsa</it>) honey on wound and enteric microorganisms have been conducted. The objectives of this study were to conduct such studies and to compare the antibacterial activity of tualang honey with that of manuka honey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a broth dilution method, the antibacterial activity of tualang honey against 13 wound and enteric microorganisms was determined; manuka honey was used as the control. Different concentrations of honey [6.25-25% (w/v)] were tested against each type of microorganism. Briefly, two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against each type of microorganism, followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values. MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) also was determined by culturing on blood agar plates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By visual inspection, the MICs of tualang honey ranged from 8.75% to 25% compared to manuka honey (8.75-20%). Spectrophotometric readings of at least 95% inhibition yielded MIC values ranging between 10% and 25% for both types of honey. The lowest MBC for tualang honey was 20%, whereas that for manuka honey was 11.25% for the microorganisms tested. The lowest MIC value (8.75%) for both types of honey was against <it>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</it>. Tualang honey had a lower MIC (11.25%) against <it>Acinetobacter baumannii </it>compared to manuka honey (12.5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tualang honey exhibited variable activities against different microorganisms, but they were within the same range as those for manuka honey. This result suggests that tualang honey could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms, particularly <it>A. baumannii </it>and <it>S. maltophilia</it>.</p

Grand Challenges in global eye health: a global prioritisation process using Delphi method

Background: We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods: Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. Findings: Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. Interpretation: This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address specific challenges. Funding: The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity, National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The Seva Foundation, British Council for the Prevention of Blindness, and Christian Blind Mission. Translations: For the French, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic and Persian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Proportions Are Diminished in Young Helminth Infected Children and Restored by Curative Anti-helminthic Treatment

BACKGROUND:Group 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are innate cells that produce the TH2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. The importance of these cells has recently been demonstrated in experimental models of parasitic diseases but there is a paucity of data on ILC2s in the context of human parasitic infections and in particular of the blood dwelling parasite Schistosoma haematobium. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In this case-control study human peripheral blood ILC2s were analysed in relation to infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma haematobium. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 36 S. haematobium infected and 36 age and sex matched uninfected children were analysed for frequencies of ILC2s identified as Lin-CD45+CD127+CD294+CD161+. ILC2s were significantly lower particularly in infected children aged 6-9 years compared to healthy participants. Curative anti-helminthic treatment resulted in an increase in levels of the activating factor TSLP and restoration of ILC2 levels. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that ILC2s are diminished in young helminth infected children and restored by removal of the parasites by treatment, indicating a previously undescribed association between a human parasitic infection and ILC2s and suggesting a role of ILC2s before the establishment of protective acquired immunity in human schistosomiasis