CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS PRODUCED FROM SORGHUM, SESAME, CARROT AND CRAYFISH

Low-cost, nutritive but bulk-reduced complementary foods using sorghum, sesame, carrot and crayfish        flour were evaluated for proximate compositions (energy, protein, fats, fibre, ash), minerals (Fe, Zn,        Ca, Cu, Se), total carotenoids, vitamin C, organoleptic attributes, and functional characteristics with        respect to bulk density, dispersibility, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility and pasting        properties. The composite flours contained higher moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se,        carotenoids, vitamin C than the control. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the chemical,        functional and pasting properties of the different blends and the control. The Sensory panelists ratings        showed that porridge from the control was preferred over the others because it possessed good sen-        sory   qualities.   With   the   satisfactory   nutritive   value   and   functional   characteristics   of   the   composite        flours, they can be recommended to infants and young children.&nbsp

Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fufu Made From Mixtures of Cassava and African Breadfruit Flours

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) tubers and  African breadfruit (Treculia africana) were processed separately into instant flours and mixed at different proportions. Five samples were developed using ratios of; 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10% of cassava flour to African breadfruit flour respectively. These  were made into fufu and subjected to sensory and chemical evaluation. The results of proximate analysis showed that the protein contents of all samples were statistically different from each other (p<0.05) with the highest content coming from 50:50 cassava-breadfruit fufu (3.28g/100g). Cassava-breadfruit fufu 90:10% ratio had the highest  energy value of 367.64Kcal/100g and was also significantly different from all the other samples. The highest content of all the minerals examined (iron, zinc, calcium, copper) were in 50:50% cassava-breadfruit fufu. While cassava breadfruit fufu 90:10 recorded the lowest mineral content. Sensory evaluation showed the taste of cassava breadfruit fufu 50:50 to be preferred to that of others (p<0.05) but the colour of cassava breadfruit fufu 90:10 had  the highest acceptance. The addition of breadfruit increased energy, protein and iron contents of cassava fufu. &nbsp

FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF SOME FISH SPECIES IN OGUN STATE COASTAL ESTUARY, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

The food and feeding habits of eight (8) fish species Elops lacerta, Chrysichthys auratus, Schilbe mys-tus, Sardinella maderensis, Synodontis schall, Hepsetus odoe, Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus in Ogun estuary, Ogun State, Nigeria were studied and estimated for six months, between February and July, 2014. A total of 470 fishes were randomly collected from the commercial fishermen during the study. Results from the stomach contents analysed using frequency of occurrence and numerical methods showed that S. mystus, E. lacerta, S. maderensis, H. odoe, S. schall, T. zillii, M. cephalus and C. auratus were predators, piscivores, herbivores, piscivores, omnivores, herbivores, herbivores and omnivores respectively while H. odoe and S.mystus partly fed on E. lacerta and T. zillii respec-tively. The Diet Breadth (D) ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and the percentage Gut Repletion Index (GRI), a reflection of frequency of feeding, ranged between 60-100%

Acute Toxicity of Diazinon on Rotifers, Cyclops, Mosquito Larvae and Fish

Acute toxicity tests were conducted in renewable static bioassays to determine the 48h-lc50 of Diazinon on rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish. The 48h-lc50 values were 3.93 mg/l, 39.39,9.87 and 189.31\u3bcg/l for rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish respectively. The rotifers had the highest value hence the least sensitive to Diazinon intoxication. The probit mortalities of the test organisms was found to be positively correlated to the log-concentration except for rotifers, which showed negative correlation at 5% level of significance. Diazinon was highly toxic to mosquito larvae and cyclops, which are targets in the control of vectors of parasitic disaeses. The toxicity of Diazinon on aquatic fauna thus affects the trophic levels in aquatic biota and the productivity of water bodies. @ JASE

Effect of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust extract on weight and hematological changes in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

Lethal and sub-lethal bioassays on Clarias gariepinus were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust on weight gain and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 10.5±0.70g) in glass aquaria with aeration system. The concentrations used during the lethal exposure are: 2.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25g/l and a control (0.00g/l); while the concentrations of the toxicant used during the 21–days sub-lethal exposure were 0.30, 0.15, 0.10, 0.05g/l and a control (0.00g/l). The 48-h LC50 estimated by probit analysis during acute exposure was found to be 626.0 mg/l. The results obtained from the sub-lethal exposure showed that there was a progressive decrease in weight of fish as the concentration of the toxicant increased. Also, haematological indices indicated that the fish became anaemic and the severity of this condition was directly proportional to the tobacco dust concentrations. (Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Management: 2002 6(2): 37-42

Effect of Lethal and Sub-lethal Concentrations of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tobaccum) Leaf Dust Extract on Weight and Hematological Changes in Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell)

Lethal and sub-lethal bioassays on Clarias gariepinus were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust on weight gain and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 10.5±0.70g) in glass aquaria with aeration system. The concentrations used during the lethal exposure are: 2.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25g/l and a control (0.00g/l); while the concentrations of the toxicant used during the 21-days sub-lethal exposure were 0.30, 0.15, 0.10, 0.05g/l and a control (0.00g/l). The 48-h LC50 estimated by probit analysis during acute exposure was found to be 626.0 mg/l. The results obtained from the sub-lethal exposure showed that there was a progressive decrease in weight of fish as the concentration of the toxicant increased. Also, haematological indices indicated that the fish became anaemic and the severity of this condition was directly proportional to the tobacco dust concentrations. @ JASE

Acute Toxicity of Diazinon on Rotifers, Cyclops, Mosquito Larvae and Fish

Acute toxicity tests were conducted in renewable static bioassays to determine the 48h-lc50 of Diazinon on rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish. The 48h-lc50 values were 3.93 mg/l, 39.39,9.87 and 189.31μg/l for rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish respectively. The rotifers had the highest value hence the least sensitive to Diazinon intoxication. The probit mortalities of the test organisms was found to be positively correlated to the log-concentration except for rotifers, which showed negative correlation at 5% level of significance. Diazinon was highly toxic to mosquito larvae and cyclops, which are targets in the control of vectors of parasitic disaeses. The toxicity of Diazinon on aquatic fauna thus affects the trophic levels in aquatic biota and the productivity of water bodies. @ JASE

Acute Toxity Of Diazin Of Rotifers, Cyclops, Mosquito Larvae And Fish

Acute toxicity tests were conducted in renewable static bioassays to determine the 48h-lc50 of Diazinon on rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish. The 48h-lc50 values were 3.93 mg/l, 39.39,9.87 and 189.31μg/l for rotifers, cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish respectively. The rotifers had the highest value hence the least sensitive to Diazinon intoxication. The probit mortalities of the test organisms was found to be positively correlated to the log-concentration except for rotifers, which showed negative correlation at 5% level of significance. Diazinon was highly toxic to mosquito larvae and cyclops, which are targets in the control of vectors of parasitic disaeses. The toxicity of Diazinon on aquatic fauna thus affects the trophic levels in aquatic biota and the productivity of water bodies. (Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Management: 2002 6(1): 18-21

Quick Response Code Technology-based Contact Tracing Solutions to Mitigate Epidemic Outbreaks: A Review

Several epidemics and pandemics have plagued humanity over the years; however, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed humanity's lack of preparedness for epidemics and pandemic outbreaks. Although several approaches have been proposed, designed, and implemented during and post-COVID-19 by researchers to deal with future epidemic outbreaks, there is a need for lightweight technology solutions to develop technology-based contact tracing (TCT) solutions. Quick response (QR) codes can be considered a lightweight technology as they provide environmentally friendly solutions with flexible applications across industries. They also enable contactless interactions and transactions, which is essential for the health and safety of users in the event of an epidemic. To the best of our knowledge, there exists a few pieces of literature that solely discuss and review the QR code-based TCT solutions adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, this work explores the QR code for its potential and use as a TCT approach. On this premise, this review discusses factors influencing QR code-based CT and further discusses existing QR code-based techniques for mitigating epidemic outbreaks. Additionally, the hybridization of QR code-based techniques with other TCT solutions has limited discussions that solely focus on QR code-based techniques; as such, QR code-based techniques are compared against other technologies adopted for TCT. The review recommends possible solutions to address the challenges in utilizing QR code-based solutions as it concludes the review