Efectos del fuego prescrito sobre matorral en las propiedades del suelo

The edaphic factors have been evaluated in a sloping segment of 2,68 ha of the «Tuña» woodland municipality of Tineo, affected for descending controlled burns of Erica and Ulex with a yield of 1,5 ha h-1. The soil alterations, immediately after the controlled burns and to the 7, 30 and 90 day, took place to 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 cm of depth, showing the existence of a temporary increment of the soil fertility (increase of C, N, K, Ca, Mg and specially of available P). Immediately after the fire, clay fraction diminished and sand it increased and vice versa to the 7, 30 and 90 days of the controlled burns. The increase of soil fertility after the fire it could be taken advantage for the quick establishment of a vegetal cover due to the regrowth of the burned vegetation.Se evaluaron las propiedades edáficas en un segmento de pendiente de 2,68 ha del «monte Tuña», municipio de Tineo, afectado por quema controlada a hecho descendente de Erica y Ulex con un rendimiento de 1,5 ha h-1. Las alteraciones en el suelo, inmediatamente después de la quema y a los 7, 30 y 90 días, se produjeron a 0-2, 2-5 y 5-10 cm de profundidad, demostrando la existencia de un incremento temporal de la fertilidad de los suelos quemados (aumento de C, N, K, Ca, Mg y sobre todo de P asimilable). Justo después del fuego hubo una disminución de la fracción arcilla y un aumento de la fracción arena y viceversa a los 7, 30 y 90 días de la quema. El aumento de fertilidad tras la quema podría ser aprovechado para el rápido establecimiento de una cubierta vegetal debido a la brotación de la vegetación quemada

Incompressible strips in dissipative Hall bars as origin of quantized Hall plateaus

We study the current and charge distribution in a two dimensional electron system, under the conditions of the integer quantized Hall effect, on the basis of a quasi-local transport model, that includes non-linear screening effects on the conductivity via the self-consistently calculated density profile. The existence of ``incompressible strips'' with integer Landau level filling factor is investigated within a Hartree-type approximation, and non-local effects on the conductivity along those strips are simulated by a suitable averaging procedure. This allows us to calculate the Hall and the longitudinal resistance as continuous functions of the magnetic field B, with plateaus of finite widths and the well-known, exactly quantized values. We emphasize the close relation between these plateaus and the existence of incompressible strips, and we show that for B values within these plateaus the potential variation across the Hall bar is very different from that for B values between adjacent plateaus, in agreement with recent experiments.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, All color onlin

Analyzing Images, Editing Texts: The Manchester Project

This article discusses the methodologies and tools employed in the study of the Syriac Galen Palimpsest. While it focusses on the efforts of the ongoing Manchester Project, attention is also paid to earlier and contemporary work, particularly the most recent phase of research (which can be said to have started in 2009). In this way, the Manchester Project is properly contextualised. We describe the image analysis techniques employed by the Manchester team. The challenge is to reduce the information contained in the set of multi-spectral images and enhance it where it can usefully distinguish between undertext and overtext. One can either use unsupervised or supervised dimensional reduction techniques. An unsupervised method such as principle component analysis (PCA) provides an automatic result, whereas a supervised method such as Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA) requires one to teach the system by identifying blank areas, areas with only overtext, areas with only undertext, and areas with both. Using the resulting improvements to the visibility of the undertext, the Manchester team has been able to make significant advances in identifying where its folios fit into Galen’s Book of Simple Drugs. The use of a program called SketchEngine is outlined, which permits an engagement with parallel Greek and Syriac texts and powerful searches - this is particularly useful for those folios that come from Books 6–8, for which a parallel Syriac manuscript exists. Having completed this initial stage, it became clear that around 100 folios that did not come from Books 6-8 remained to be identified. SketchEngine again has proved to be very useful in facilitating identifications of these folios. To illustrate the different challenges posed by these two distinct scenarios, examples are provided from Books 5 and 8

IMPLIKASI HUKUM ATAS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 25/PUU-XIV/2016 TERHADAP PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Abstract: There is an increase in corruption level in Indonesia, both in the total number of cases and in the total amount of financial losses suffered by the state. There are even more systematic corruption which present in all aspect of social life.The main problem formulation would be focusing on the consideration upon the decision of the panel of judges of the Constitutional Court in its decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016 and its legal implication towards law enforcement process and corruption eradication. The objective of this research is, first, to understand the legal consideration of the panel of judges of constitutional court in the decision Number 25/PUUXIV/2016. As for the second objective, the researcher would like to be cognizant of the legalimplication related with the law enforcement and corruption eradication process. In conducting the research, the researcher is using normative judicial research, with juridical approach as the method. This research is using qualitative method and in analytical-descriptive analysis. This research resulted in number of conclusions, per se, Constitutional Court decision Number 25/PUUXIV/2016 has created legal uncertainty related to the formulation of corruption; as corruption was material offense, whereof in the beginning was formal offense. Such circumstance obliges law enforcer to establish the ground on how much actual financial loss the state has suffered, not on potential financial loss. There is different, legally unrelated perspective in defining “could” as in “could inflict state financial loss or harm state economy” under criminal approach of Law on Corruption Eradication and under administrative approach of Law Number 30 Year 2004.Abstrak: pertimbangan hukum Majelis Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016.Dan untuk mengetahui Implikasi hukum apa terkait dengan proses penegakan hukum dan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif.Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dan diuraikan secara deskriptif analitis. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016 melahirkan ketidakpastian hukum yaitu berkaitan dengan rumusan delik tindak pidana korupsi, dimana awalnya rumusan tindak pidana korupsi adalah delik formil menjadi delik materiil, sehingga penegak hukum harus dapat membuktikan berapa nilai kerugian keuangan negara atau perekonomian negara secara riil atau nyata (actual loss) bukan pada sudut pandang potensi nilai kerugian yang akan dialami (potential loss). Frasa kata “dapat” merugikan keuangan negara atau perekonomian negara antara pendekatan pidana sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan pendekatan administratif sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 adalah 2 hal yang berbeda dan tidak mempunyai hubungan hukum