Hemodiálise: seu significado e impacto para a vida do idoso Hemodiálisis: su significado e impacto para la vida del anciano Hemodialysis: its meaning and impact in the elderly life

O processo de envelhecimento que antes era restrito aos países desenvolvidos está ocorrendo nos países em desenvolvimento e de modo mais rápido. O surgimento de doenças não transmissíveis pode induzir alterações funcionais com maior intensidade, como a doença renal crônica. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o significado da hemodiálise para o idoso renal-crônico e o impacto dessa modalidade terapêutica em sua vida. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com entrevista com 22 idosos em tratamento dialítico. Foi utilizado como instrumento um roteiro, contendo perguntas abertas. A análise dos dados foi por meio da análise temática de Bardin. Como resultado, obtemos duas categorias: o significado de ser idoso em tratamento hemodialítico; e o impacto da hemodiálise na vida dos idosos. A pesquisa revelou que a hemodiálise afeta o cotidiano dos idosos, pois causa limitações sociais, envolvendo seu trabalho, hábitos alimentares, culturais, além do impacto na saúde mental.<br>El proceso de envejecimiento que anteriormente se limitaba a los países desarrollados se está produciendo en los países en desarrollo y más rápidamente. La aparición de las enfermedades no transmisibles puede inducir cambios funcionales con mayor intensidad, como la enfermedad renal crónica. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el significado de la hemodiálisis para los ancianos, la insuficiencia renal crónica y el impacto de esta modalidad de tratamiento en su vida. Este fue un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo mediante entrevistas con 22 ancianos en diálisis. Se utilizó como herramienta de escritura, un guía con preguntas abiertas. El análisis de los datos fue por medio del análisis temático de Bardin. Como resultado, se obtienen dos categorías: el significado de los pacientes ancianos en hemodiálisis, el impacto de la hemodiálisis en pacientes ancianos. La pesquisa reveló que la hemodiálisis afecta el cotidiano de las personas mayores, les causa restricciones sociales relacionadas con sus hábitos de trabajo, culturales, además del impacto en la salud mental.<br>The aging process used to be restricted to developed countries, but nowadays it has been occurring faster and in developing countries too. The manifestation of noncommunicable diseases may lead to functional changes with higher complexity such as, Chronic Kidney Disease. The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of hemodialysis for elderly with chronic kidney disease and the impact of this therapy in their lives. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach. Twenty-two elderly undergoing hemodialysis were interviewed. A structured interview model containing open questions was used to collect data. The results were analyzed using Bardin's Thematic Analysis. Two categories emerged: the meaning of being an elderly undergoing hemodialysis; and the impact of hemodialysis in the elderly's lives. This research highlighted that hemodialysis affects the daily life of elderly causing social limitations concerning their occupations, eating and cultural habits and also influencing their mental health

Utilization of fluorescent probe association for simultaneous assessment of plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes of rooster spermatozoa

This experiment was designed with the objective of developing a simple, practical, and high repeatability technique for the simultaneous evaluation of the integrity of the plasmatic and acrosomal membranes, as well as funcional mitochondria of domestic fowl spermatozoa using an association of fluorescent probes. Four ejaculates (motility > 80% and abnormal morphology < 10%) from each of six Ross male broiler breeder (n=24) were diluted in TALP sperm medium (25x10(6) spermatozoa/mL) and split into two aliquots, and one of these aliquots was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed to damage all cellular membranes. Three treatments were prepared from these aliquots, with the following ratios of Fresh semen:Flash frozen semen: 100:0 (T100), 50:50 (T50), and 0:100 (T0). A 150-µL aliquot of diluted semen was placed in a microcentrifuge tube with the addition of 2-µL PI, 2-µL MITO, and 50-µL FITC-PSA, and incubated at 38.5º C/8 min in the dark. An 8-µL sample was placed on a slide, coverslipped, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Each sample had 200 cells counted and classified based on the fluorescence emitted by each probe. By regression analysis, plasma membrane integrity, as detected by PI, was determined as: v=4.17+0.82X (R²=0.95). Acrosome integrity, as detected by FITC-PSA, generated the equation: v=4.19+0.84X (R²=0.96). Functional mitochondria was estimated by the equation v=3.20+0.83X (R²=0.96). This is an efficient technique to simultaneously evaluate plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes in fowl sperm. It is suggested that its application in flow cytometry systems allows this methodology to be applied in large scale

Nuclear cardiology practice and associated radiation doses in Europe: results of the IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Study (INCAPS) for the 27 European countries

PURPOSE: Nuclear cardiology is widely used to diagnose coronary artery disease and to guide patient management, but data on current practices, radiation dose-related best practices, and radiation doses are scarce. To address these issues, the IAEA conducted a worldwide study of nuclear cardiology practice. We present the European subanalysis. METHODS: In March 2013, the IAEA invited laboratories across the world to document all SPECT and PET studies performed in one week. The data included age, gender, weight, radiopharmaceuticals, injected activities, camera type, positioning, hardware and software. Radiation effective dose was calculated for each patient. A quality score was defined for each laboratory as the number followed of eight predefined best practices with a bearing on radiation exposure (range of quality score 0 - 8). The participating European countries were assigned to regions (North, East, South, and West). Comparisons were performed between the four European regions and between Europe and the rest-of-the-world (RoW). RESULTS: Data on 2,381 European patients undergoing nuclear cardiology procedures in 102 laboratories in 27 countries were collected. A cardiac SPECT study was performed in 97.9 % of the patients, and a PET study in 2.1 %. The average effective dose of SPECT was 8.0 ± 3.4 mSv (RoW 11.4 ± 4.3 mSv; P < 0.001) and of PET was 2.6 ± 1.5 mSv (RoW 3.8 ± 2.5 mSv; P < 0.001). The mean effective doses of SPECT and PET differed between European regions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The mean quality score was 6.2 ± 1.2, which was higher than the RoW score (5.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.001). Adherence to best practices did not differ significantly among the European regions (range 6 to 6.4; P = 0.73). Of the best practices, stress-only imaging and weight-adjusted dosing were the least commonly used. CONCLUSION: In Europe, the mean effective dose from nuclear cardiology is lower and the average quality score is higher than in the RoW. There is regional variation in effective dose in relation to the best practice quality score. A possible reason for the differences between Europe and the RoW could be the safety culture fostered by actions under the Euratom directives and the implementation of diagnostic reference levels. Stress-only imaging and weight-adjusted activity might be targets for optimization of European nuclear cardiology practice