Changes in nutritional, texture, rancidity and microbiological properties of composite biscuits produced from breadfruit and wheat flours enriched with edible fish meal

The use of indigenous crops in the preparation of nutritious snacks such as biscuits has been reported as a means of alleviating the perennial problem of malnutrition among Nigerians, especially children. However, storage has been recognised as a factor affecting the attributes of these biscuits. This study investigated the quality changes of biscuit produced from fish meal enriched-composite flour of breadfruit and wheat. Freshly harvested seedless variety of breadfruit, matured catfish, wheat flour and other ingredients were procured from local outlets in Ogun State, Nigeria. Breadfruit flour (BF) was produced by washing, manual peeling, washing, grating, bagging, dewatering, pulverizing and drying. Edible fish meal (EFM) was produced by washing, eviscerating, steaming and drying Catfish. Five blends of BF, WF and EFM were obtained from the optimised solutions of the D-optimal mixture design. Samples were stored (HDPE; 28 ± 2 °C) for 12 weeks. The proximate and mineral compositions, rancidity, texture profile and microbial counts of the biscuits were determined. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test. The means from ANOVA were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p ≤ 0.05. At the end of the storage period, the biscuit blends were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different in moisture, protein, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate, calcium, iron and zinc. Increased levels of EFM in the blends led to increase in protein, fat, calcium, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) value of the biscuits. At the end of the storage period, moisture increased, while fat decreased. The PV and FFA of most samples increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with storage, and were within the maximum permissible level. Total bacterial and mould counts also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and exceeded the permissible level after 4 weeks of storage. Hence, the biscuits are suitable for consumption within 4 weeks under the investigated storage conditions

A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Application of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to Banking Disputes

As a result of the ever increasing commercial activities, disagreements which sometimes result into full-blown disputes are bound to occur, requiring resolution, one way or the other. There is no doubt that commercial activities in the industrial and financial sectors, has increased tremendously and frequent disagreement and disputes are necessary occurrence requiring resolution. Whenever disputes occur in the commercial arena, two major hurdles face the disputing parties: How to resolve the disputes quickly, at the least cost and in a manner that will not stifle or disturb the continuum of their business activities. The aim of this paper is to examine the application of Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques to banking disputes using a comparative approach. Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Banking Disputes, Nigeria, Select Countrie

Policy Implications of Cashless Banking on Nigeria’s Economy.

The world is going cashless in carrying out businesses. A cashless economy is an environment in which money is spent without being physically carried from one person to the other. In a bid to align with the developmental pace of other nations Central Bank of Nigeria has adopted the cashless policy.This paper considers the implications its applicability will have on the lives of ordinary Nigerians and the business environment and makes appropriate recommendations. Keywords: Cashless Banking, Policy Implications, Nigeria, Economy

Legal Response to Banking Malpractices in Nigeria

Malpractices have over time been prevalent in the Nations’ banking industry. Malpractices are those Practices which are not only contrary to the ethics of the banking profession, but that also constitute infringements of various banking laws and regulations. This paper discusses the various malpractices common to the Nigerian banking industry and the ways the laws had combated these. Key words: Legal control, Banking malpractices, Nigeri

Legal Appraissal of Nigeria’s External Debt

This paper investigates some of the issues that necessitated the country to go into external borrowing. Some of the challenges facing the economy which is evidential today are caused by mismanagement or mishandling of external loan. Consequently, the study proffered some solutions on how to manage Nigeria’s external debt, thereby highlighted some policy measures that if implemented would accelerate the level of economic growth and development and increase the standard of living of every citizen which among other reasons are the core motives of borrowing externally

Assessing the Influence of Foreign Direct Investment on the Economic Growth of United States

Researchers have found mixed empirical results on the significance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on countries around the world. Foreign direct investment has been a major driver in the economic growth of both developed and developing economies. This study examines the influence of FDI on economic growth in a single developed country, the United States. Even though the United States has been the largest attractive nation for foreign direct investment among developed economies, there is need to research on how FDI has contributed to its development. Therefore, this paper uses multiple linear regression model and its estimation using ordinary least squares (OLS) to study the impact of FDI on economic growth in the United States. Analysis of secondary data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), and Bureau of Labor Statistic (BLS) for the year 2000 to 2018 revealed that foreign direct investment has a positive influence on the economic growth of United States. Therefore, the study recommends that the government of United States should continue to revamp investment and fiscal policies to attract new foreign investors through continuous investing in social infrastructures, improving the quality of their institutions and their governance. Keywords: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, Economic Growth. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-16-12 Publication date:August 31st 202

Bioinformatics and physicochemical properties of CzcE protein in Bacteria

ArticleThis study investigated the bioinformatics of heavy metal resistance protein. Mega 6 was used to construct the divergence time and phylogenetic analysis of CzeC and Protparam was used to determine the amino acids, pI and Gravy of CzcE from different bacteria. The results showed the actual bacteria that contain the CzcE protein which can be useful for researchers that wants to work on this protein

The Impact of International Trade on the Economic Development of New Hampshire State, USA

International trade is an integral part of the growth of a state and globalization has made it easier for states in the United States to do business with nations outside their main spheres of influence. This study analyzes the relationship and impact of international trade on economic development in New Hampshire. Since states can easily buy from or sell products to another country, the trade has contributed to the economic growth of New Hampshire. In this study, a regression analysis was employed to evaluate data from the United States Census Bureau and other agencies from 2010 to 2019. Results show that these trade factors have a positive correlation on New Hampshire’s economic development. The understanding of the behavior of these factors can provide useful information to New Hampshire government and policy makers as they seek to improve export promotion, encourage domestic investment and attract new investors to the state. Keywords: International trade, Foreign trade, Economic growth, Economic development, Export, Import, Exchange rate DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-20-04 Publication date:July 31st 202

Teacher Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Character Building Initiatives at an Expeditionary Learning Outward Bound High School

This dissertation uses as its conceptual foundation the research on teacher beliefs to examine how teachers at an Expeditionary Learning School in Brooklyn, New York perceive the character building initiatives at their school. Using thematic case study methodology, the study found that teachers believed that character education is important and should be taught. Not only should character education be taught in schools, but the teachers believed that schools should be intentional about the teaching and development of student character. Teachers also believed that teachers are capable and should be allowed to spearhead the school initiatives intended to develop character. According to the teachers, character building initiatives impact academic achievement in the long run. The study also found that teachers need adequate preparation for the initiatives to be effective and that school leadership must take on a greater role in the implementation and execution of these initiatives. The findings suggest that Expeditionary Learning School leadership should assess the character development initiatives at the school, based on the experience and perceptions of the practitioners that implement the initiatives. Concurrently, veteran teachers should be used to turnkey the best practices to new teachers. Teachers believe that there are obstacles to character development initiatives in the school but offer suggestions for improvement to ensure that none ultimately hinder the effectiveness of the initiatives. They point to administration and faculty collaboration in strengthening school initiatives meant to build student character

Constraining Gluon Shadowing Using Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral pA and AA Collisions

Photoproduction of heavy quarks and exclusive production of vector mesons in ultraperipheral proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions depend significantly on nuclear gluon distributions. In the present study we investigate quantitatively the extent of the applicability of these processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in constraining the shadowing component of nuclear gluon modifications.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.428