Overlapping Multi-hop Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering is a standard approach for achieving efficient and scalable performance in wireless sensor networks. Traditionally, clustering algorithms aim at generating a number of disjoint clusters that satisfy some criteria. In this paper, we formulate a novel clustering problem that aims at generating overlapping multi-hop clusters. Overlapping clusters are useful in many sensor network applications, including inter-cluster routing, node localization, and time synchronization protocols. We also propose a randomized, distributed multi-hop clustering algorithm (KOCA) for solving the overlapping clustering problem. KOCA aims at generating connected overlapping clusters that cover the entire sensor network with a specific average overlapping degree. Through analysis and simulation experiments we show how to select the different values of the parameters to achieve the clustering process objectives. Moreover, the results show that KOCA produces approximately equal-sized clusters, which allows distributing the load evenly over different clusters. In addition, KOCA is scalable; the clustering formation terminates in a constant time regardless of the network size

Transubstantiation of reality in El Jarama of Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio and Adrift on the Nile of Naŷīb Maḥfūẓ

Comparative literature follows the most effective bridge of approximation of cultures, an axis of interculturality and a revealing source of the relationships between the different areas of human expression. Counting on this method highlights the confluence between two realistic works, which reveal both the Spanish and Egyptian reality of the mid-twentieth century and, precisely, the fifties in Spain and the sixties in Egypt: The Jarama of Sánchez Ferlosio and Adrift on the Nile of Naŷīb Maḥfūẓ. These works reflect the sufferings and opinions of the poor classes of their respective countries. In the same way, the authors criticized through these novels the passivities of their respective communities. Thus, embody, in this sense, two living examples of the transubstantiation of reality, which converge in many aspects and even in the titles, which are the names of two riversSigue la literatura comparada el puente más eficaz de aproximación de culturas, eje de interculturalidad y fuente reveladora de las relaciones entre las diferentes áreas de la expresión humana. Contándonos con este método se nos destaca la confluencia entre dos obras realistas, que ponen al descubierto la realidad tanto española como egipcia de mitad del siglo XX y, precisamente de los años cincuenta en España y los años sesenta en Egipto: El Jarama de Sánchez Ferlosio y Veladas del Nilo de Naŷīb Maḥfūẓ. Estas obras reflejan los sufrimientos y las opiniones de las clases pobres de sus respectivos países. Del mismo modo, los autores critican a través de estas novelas las pasividades de sus respectivas comunidades. Por ende, encarnan, en este sentido, dos ejemplos vivos de la transubstanciación de la realidad, los cuales se convergen en muchos aspectos e, incluso, en los títulos, que son nombres de dos río

Measurements in a turbulent counterflow flame

Imperial Users onl