POPMUSIC

This chapter presents POPMUSIC, a general decomposition-based framework within the realm of metaheuristics and matheuristics that has been successfully applied to various combinatorial optimization problems. POPMUSIC is especially useful for designing heuristic methods for large combinatorial problems that can be partially optimized. The basic idea is to optimize subparts of solutions until a local optimum is reached. Implementations of the technique to various problems show its broad applicability and efficiency for tackling especially largesize instances

Ambiente do Centro Cirúrgico e os elementos que o integram: implicações para os cuidados de enfermagem Ambiente del quirófano y sus elementos: implicaciones para la atención de enfermería Surgical Center environment and its elements: implications for nursing care

Pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou caracterizar os elementos que integram o ambiente do Centro Cirúrgico e analisar suas implicações para a dinâmica de cuidar e de cuidados de enfermagem. Ancorou-se nos princípios da Teoria Ambientalista. Participaram 12 enfermeiras do centro cirúrgico de um Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram produzidos pela técnica de criatividade e sensibilidade "Mapa-Falante", entrevista semi-estruturada e observação participante; e analisados por categorias temáticas. Os resultados apontam que o cuidado ocorre direta e indiretamente, em prol da plena restauração do cliente, incluindo o ambiente que o integra, de modo a manter-se harmônico e equilibrado. As intervenções da enfermeira são no sentido de manter o ambiente em condições favoráveis de modo a torná-lo promotor de cuidados.<br>Investigación cualitativa que objetivó caracterizar los elementos que integran el ambiente del quirófano y analizar sus implicaciones para la dinamica del cuidar y del cuidado de enfermería. Basada en los principios de la Teoría Ambientalista. Participaran 12 enfermeras del quirófano de un Hospital Universitario del Río de Janeiro. Los datos foran producidos por la técnica de creatividad y sensibilidad "Mapa-Hablante", entrevista semi estructurada y observación participante; y analizados por categorías temáticas. Los resultados apuntan que el cuidado ocurre directa e indirectamente, a favor de la plena restauración del cliente, incluyendo el ambiente que lo integra, de modo a mantenerse harmónico y equilibrado. Las intervenciones de la enfermera son en el sentido de mantener el ambiente en condiciones favorables de modo a tornalo promotor de los cuidados.<br>The purpose of this qualitative research was to characterize the elements that constitute the environment of the Surgical Center and to analyze its implications for dynamic of care and nursing care. Based on the Environmental Theory's principals. Participated twelve nurses from the Surgical Center of a College Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were gathered through the creativity and sensitivity technique "Map-Speaker", semi-structered interviews and participant observation, and were analyzed by thematic categories. The results showed that care can happen directly and indirectly in favor of full client recovery, counting the environment that the integrate in purpose to maintain harmonic and balanced. The nurse interventions aim to maintain the environment in favorable conditions so that a higher standard of care can be promoted

Herbivory among habitats on the Neotropical tree Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. in a seasonally deciduous forest

Our goal was to identify herbivory patterns from two insect guilds associated with Cnidoscolus quercifolius in a tropical deciduous forest in northeastern Brazil. We sampled four different habitats: (1) forest edge, (2) mesic (near to the perennial water source), (3) forest interior and (4) rupestrian fields. Habitat edge had lower leaf damage than rupestrian, mesic and forest interior habitats. Nevertheless, abundance of galls at the edge habitat was higher than at mesic, forest interior and/or rupestrian habitats. There was no difference in gall mortality by natural enemies among the four habitats sampled, demonstrating the absence of any influence of top-down controls related to abundance of galls. Trophic relationships were not related to the patterns of distribution among habitats of two insect herbivorous guilds associated with C. quercifolius. Our results demonstrated that environmental heterogeneity of dry forests can significantly alter important ecological interactions and experimental studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms responsible for differences in herbivory among habitats