Comparative Study of Milk Production and Feed Efficiency Based on Farmers Best Practices and National Research Council

This study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality

PSD Estimation of Multiple Sound Sources in a Reverberant Room Using a Spherical Microphone Array

We propose an efficient method to estimate source power spectral densities (PSDs) in a multi-source reverberant environment using a spherical microphone array. The proposed method utilizes the spatial correlation between the spherical harmonics (SH) coefficients of a sound field to estimate source PSDs. The use of the spatial cross-correlation of the SH coefficients allows us to employ the method in an environment with a higher number of sources compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the orthogonality property of the SH basis functions saves the effort of designing specific beampatterns of a conventional beamformer-based method. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm with different number of sources in practical reverberant and non-reverberant rooms. We also demonstrate an application of the method by separating source signals using a conventional beamformer and a Wiener post-filter designed from the estimated PSDs.Comment: Accepted for WASPAA 201

Bayesian Learning Networks Approach to Cybercrime Detection

The growing dependence of modern society on telecommunication and information networks has become inevitable. The increase in the number of interconnected networks to the Internet has led to an increase in security threats and cybercrimes such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Any Internet based attack typically is prefaced by a reconnaissance probe process, which might take just a few minutes, hours, days, or even months before the attack takes place. In order to detect distributed network attacks as early as possible, an under research and development probabilistic approach, which is known by Bayesian networks has been proposed. This paper shows how probabilistically Bayesian network detects communication network attacks, allowing for generalization of Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs). Learning Agents which deploy Bayesian network approach are considered to be a promising and useful tool in determining suspicious early events of Internet threats and consequently relating them to the following occurring activities.Peer reviewe

Nutrient Digestibility and Performances of Frisian Holstein Calves Fed with Pennisetum Purpureum and Inoculated with Buffalo's Rumen Bacteria

Buffalo's rumen bacteria (BRB) are potential in digesting fiber feed. BRB already adapted well with low quality forages and agricultural byproducts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of buffalo's rumen bacteria (BRB) consortium inoculated into preweaning Frisian Holstein calves on nutrient digestibility, physiological status, mineral uptake, and blood profile. This study used 14 isolates of bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of four local buffalos. The research units consisted of seven Frisian Holstein calves at two weeks old with the average body weight of 43.6±4.5 kg. Calves were inoculated with 20 mL of buffalo's rumen bacteria isolates [4.56 x 109 cfu/mL] every morning for 10 weeks. The calves were divided into two groups i.e., three calves received bacterial inoculation and four calves without any inoculation. The variables which were analyzed in the preweaning and weaning period were feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rumen fermentation characteristics, body weight, physiological status, blood profile, and mineral status. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test. The results showed that inoculation of buffalo's rumen bacteria into Frisian Holstein calves effectively increased feed intake, characteristics of leukocytes and neutrophils, and cobalt (Co) uptake during the weaning period. Inoculation of rumen bacteria improved rumen pH during preweaning and weaning periods. Inoculation of rumen bacteria also had no negative effects on digestibility, feed conversion (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), and physiological status

Production, Competition Indices, and Nutritive Values of Setaria Splendida, Centrosema Pubescens, and Clitoria Ternatea in Mixed Cropping Systems in Peatland

This research was conducted to evaluate production, different competition indices and nutritive value of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in monoculture and mix cropping system on peat soil land. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: S. splendida sole cropping (SS), C. pubescens sole cropping (CP), C. ternatea sole cropping (CT), S. splendida and C. pubescens mix cropping (SS/CP) and S. splendida/C. ternatea mix cropping (SS/CT). The DM yield of S. splendida in mixed cropping with C. pubescens increased 43.4% and in mix cropping with C. ternatea increased 15.7% compared to sole S. splendida. The value of land equivalent ratio of SS/CP (LERSS/CP) was >1. The LERSS/CT value was <1. The crowding coefficient value of S. splendida (KSS) was higher than KCP and KCT. The total value of KSS/CP and KSS/CT were >1. The competition ratio (CR) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were >1. The agressivity (A) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were positive. The crude protein, NDF and ADF content of forage were not affected by mix cropping system. In conclusion, mix cropping in peatland do not affect productivity and nutritive value of S. splendida, C. pubescens, and C. ternatea. S. splendida is more effective in exploiting environmental resources when intercropped with C. pubescens compared to C. ternatea on peatland

Experimental and Theoretical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Two Way Slabs Strengthened by Steel Fiber Ferrocement Layers at Tension Zone

تناول هذا البحث دراسة عملية ونظرية لخواص البلطات الخرسانية المسلحة ذات الاتجاهين و المقواة بالفيروسمنت حيث اجريت مجموعة من الاختبارات لدراسة تاثير: تعدد الطبقات للمشبكات الحديدية حيث تم استخدام (1و2و3) طبقات من المشبكات الحديدية ، سمك  طبقة الفيروسمنت ، و مقاومة الانضغاط  للفيروسمنت على زيادة مقاومة الاثناء للعتبات و مراقبة سلوك الحمل – الهطول بعد التقوية بالإضافة إلى تأثيرها على عرض التشققات. يتضمن الجزء العملي فحص اربعة عشر بلاطة, تم تقوية ثلاثة عشر منها بالفيرو سمنت و تركت بلاطة واحدة بدون تقوية كبلاطة مرجعية. صممت جميع البلاطات الخرسانية المستخدمة في هذا البحث بنفس الابعاد وتم تسليحها بشكل يضمن فشلها بالانحناء، تم فحص جميع البلاطات في فضاء بسيط الاسناد وبتسليط حمل مركز في منتصف هذه البلاطات. أظهرت النتائج العملية التي تم الحصول عليها من النتائج المختبرية أن عملية تقوية البلاطات الخرسانية باستخدام لفيروسمنت ادت الى زيادة في قيمة التحمل الاقصى للانحناء للبلاطات (Ultimate Loads) يصل مقدارها بين (11-22%) مقارنة بالبلاطات الخرسانية غير المقواة باستخدام لفيروسمنت. تم أستعمال التحليل اللاخطي بواسطة العناصر المحددة (Finite Elements) ثلاثية الأبعاد كوسيلة عددية للدراسة والتحري عن سلوك وتصرف هذه البلاطات باستخدام البرنامج (ANSYS الاصدار السادس عشر) حيث تم في هذا البرنامج تمثيل الاجزاء الخرسانية باستخدام العناصر الطابوقية ذات الثمانية عقد (Solid 65).An experimental and analytical  behavior of strengthened reinforced  concrete two way slabs  by steel fiber ferrocement layers ,this  study  included  testing 14  simply supported two way slabs, which include 1 control slab, 13 strengthened slabs. In the strengthened slabs the effect of  the ferrocement layers with; steel fiber content in the ferrocement mortar  of (0.25,0.5,0.75.1.1.25%), thickness of ferrocement layers, the compressive strength for ferrocement mortar and wire mesh layers number of ferrocement was investigated. The mid span deflection at ultimate load and cracks pattern  were discussed.  All the reinforced concrete slab specimens were designed of the same dimensions and reinforced identically to fail in flexure. Simply supported conditions for all slabs has bean tested under central concentrated load. The experimental results show that; the ultimate loads and mid span deflection of strengthened reinforced  concrete slabs were more effected by  using the steel fiber on the ferrocement mortar, increasing the thickness of ferrocement and the compressive strength of ferrocement. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis has been used to conduct the analytical investigation, ANSYS (Version 16.0) computer program was used in this study. The analytical result from modeling in ANSYS program exhibited a good agreement with experimental results

Legal Reasoning Hukum Operasi Ganti Kelamin Penderita Transeksual (Studi Komparasi antara Hukum Islam dan Hukum Perdata)

The phenomenon of sex-change operation transsexual patients has been happened since long time ago and continues to this day. But the emergence of differences in legal opinion on this case in particular between Islamic law and civil law, caused/made public patients has been happened since long time ago and continues to this day. But the emergence of differences in legal opinion on this case in particular between Islamic law and civil law, caused/made public confusion, especially those transsexual patients. The Main problems in this study: first, how legal reasoning of civil law and Islamic law on sex change operation confusion, especially those transsexual patients. The Main problems in this study: first, how legal reasoning of civil law and Islamic law on sex change operation transsexual patients. Second, where is the difference transsexual patients. Second, where is the difference between civil law and legal reasoning of Islamic law on sex-change operation transsexual patients. between civil law and legal reasoning of Islamic law on sex-change operation transsexual patients

Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia Menggunakan Tes Diagnostik Pilihan Ganda Tiga Tingkat (Three-tier Multiple Choice) Pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI Mia SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru

The aim of this research were to know misconceptions and the category level of misconceptions in the second year students of SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru aboutt concepts of chemical equallibrium. This research took place in SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru and the data were collected on April 2017. was all the students of XI MIA class of four classes. The population consisted of 161 students. The sample was all the population. This research was descriptive quantitative. The technique of collecting data used diagnostic test and interview. The result showed that students found misconception in the definition concept of chemical equallibrium with the percentage was 34,78% (category of average), for the concept of heterogen and homogen was 36,335% (average), the concept of dissociation degree was 33,54% (average), the concept of Kc measurement was 43,785% (average), the concept of Kp measurement was 27,55% (poor), the principle concept of Le Chatelier was 36,764% (average), the concept of using chemical equallibrium in world industry was 23,60% (poor)