Genotype x Environment interaction for quality traits in durum wheat cultivars adapted to different environments

The quality traits of durum wheat are important for the utilization by the industries. These traits may be influenced by genotype and interaction of genotype and environment (GxE). To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction on quality traits such as vitreousness, SDS sedimentation test, yellow pigment index, protein content and test weight, twelve Moroccan durum wheat cultivars representing a range of agronomic adaptation were tested in five locations representing a range of environments in three growing seasons. The results indicated significant effects of genotype, environment and GxE for all the quality traits. The extent of these effects differed; for SDSsedimentation volumes, yellow pigment and test weight, the component of variation due to genotype was larger than due to the environment, indicating the greater influence of genotypes on these traits. However, for vitreousness and protein content, the effect of environment was higher than the effect due to genotypes. Thus, these traits are controlled greatly by environmental effects than genetics. The variation due to GxE was higher than that of genotype for vitreousness and test weight, indicating high GxE interaction effect and less genotypic stability for these traits. For protein content, where the environmental effect was greater than that of genotype and GxE effect, multiple environmental trials are necessary in order to determine protein content of a cultivar. For other traits,  preliminary evaluations can be done in one environment and good performing ones can be selected for multiple environmental trials

Etude des dégâts qualitatifs et quantitatifs dus aux Bruches sur les légumineuses au Maroc

Les pertes qualitatives et quantitatives des légumineuses en post-récoltes demeurent un important souci des agriculteurs au Maroc. Les ravageurs de stockage sont l’un des facteurs les plus destructifs des stocks de légumineuses. Pour ce fait, le présent travail porte sur l’identification des différentes espèces d’insectes attaquant les légumineuses stockées au Maroc, et l’évaluation de leurs effets nuisibles sur les pertes en qualité, quantité et faculté germinative des grains. Les résultats mettent en évidence la dominance des coléoptères de la famille Bruchidae, qui attaquent plus de la moitié des quantités stockées surtout pour les cultures de fève et féverole. Les pertes pondérales et le pouvoir germinatif ont aussi été  étudiés. Les résultats ont montré une perte en poids des grains bruchés pouvant aller jusqu’à 34%. Le pouvoir germinatif a été négativement affecté; il a oscillé entre 75 et 85% selon le nombre d’opercule par grain.    

Variability of stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) attacking vicia bean

International audienc

Characterisation of populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci on basis on two dimensional electrophoresis of proteins

International audienc

Microbial Desulfurization of Diesel Oils by Selected Bacterial Strains

Because of increasingly stringent regulations concerning the sulfur content of motor fuels, sulfur removal by biocatalytic means is often considered as a potential alternative to conventional deep hydrodesulfurization processes used in the refinery industry. The first microbial strain able to selectively oxidize sulfur of molecules such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) without altering its carbon content, Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8, was isolated more than ten years ago. The metabolic pathway (4S pathway) was elucidated and the genes involved characterized and sequenced. The present study aimed at exploiting microbial diversity to select new strains potentially interesting for ultradeep desulfurization of diesel oils, taking into account industrially important criteria. In a first step, 15 pure strains able to use DBT as a sole sulfur source and to convert it to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) were obtained from different soils. In a second step, 5 isolates belonging to the Rhodococcus/Gordonia cluster and exhibiting good growth characteristics and high biodesulfurization activities in both aqueous and organic media were selected. The action of resting cells from these strains towards different types of diesel oils was also determined in order to better assess the potentiality of biodesulfurization, especially as a finishing step complementary to deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Actually, in spite of their taxonomic similarity, the 5 strains displayed different activities towards the diesels oil tested. Biodesulfurization yield was also dependent upon the diesel oil used, especially its sulfur content. Some HDS-recalcitrant compounds such as 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene, could be completely removed, but highly-alkylated dibenzothiophenes were resistant to the action of the biocatalysts

Caractérisation par électrophorèse bidimensionnelle de populations (marocaines et française) de Ditylenchus dipsaci collectées sur féverole

National audienc

Les nématodes des légumineuses alimentaires à grosses graines dans le bassin méditerranéen

National audienc