Takhrīj Hadith Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar Karangan Hamka

Tafsir al-Azhar karangan Hamka merupakan antara kitab tafsir yang masyhur dan menjadi rujukan masyarakat Islam di Nusantara. Dalam karya tersebut, Hamka membawakan hadith-hadith sebagai tafsiran kepada ayat-ayat al-Quran. Berdasarkan kajian terdahulu terdapat hadith daif dan palsu di samping terdapat hadith yang tidak dijelaskan statusnya meskipun telah ada usaha untuk melakukan takhrīj. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji kaedah ulama hadith dalam menentukan sesebuah hadith sebagai maqbūl ataupun mardūd. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengkaji kaedah penulisan hadith dalam Tafsir al-Azhar karangan Hamka di samping menganalisis hadith-hadith yang terdapat dalam Tafsir al-Azhar dari juzuk enam hingga sembilan memandangkan masih belum terdapat kajian terdahulu dari aspek takhrīj al-ḥadīth dan dirāsah asānid. Kajian yang dijalankan ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif yang dilakukan melalui kajian Kepustakaan dengan mendapatkan data-data daripada kitab-kitab induk hadith seperti al-Kutub al-Sittah dan juga kitab-kitab rijāl al-ḥadīth. Oleh itu, pengkaji menganalisis hadith-hadith tersebut melalui metode takhrīj al-ḥadīth selain metode induktif dan deduktif. Berdasarkan kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahawa daripada 90 hadith yang dianalisis, 70 hadith daripadanya adalah sahih, sembilan hadith adalah hasan, enam hadith adalah daif, dua hadith adalah da‘if jiddan, satu hadith adalah palsu dan dua hadith tidak dapat dikenal pasti. Dengan itu, hadith-hadith berstatus sahih dan hasan dalam Tafsir al-Azhar yang boleh dijadikan hujah adalah lebih banyak jumlahnya berbanding hadith-hadith yang tidak boleh dijadikan hujah yang terdiri daripada daif, da‘if jiddan dan palsu

ASSESSMENT OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR AMONG MALAY MALE SMOKERS IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess smoking behavior among Malay male smokers in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: Volunteers (n=496) were recruited in the study by randomly selected manner. The participants were categorized as smokers (n=248) and non-smoking controls (n=248). All participants were given data collection sheets to record their information. The participants who were selected in smokers group (n=248) were given a form containing questionnaires regarding their smoking behavior. The participants were asked about their smoking history such as smoking initiation age, factors that influence smoking behavior, number of cigarettes daily, number of quitting attempts, and methods of quitting attempts. The validated Malay version of Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND-M) was used to measure physical dependence on nicotine among smokers.Results: The study revealed that smokers in this study group were mainly light smokers. More than half of the participants, i.e., 51.6% (n=128), in this study had an FTND-M score lower than 2 (very low nicotine dependence). The minimum smoking initiation age of the participants in this study was 10 years whereas the maximum age was 40 years. Most of the participants start smoking at the age of <20 years with the higher frequency being18 years. More than half of the participants (58.5%) claimed that peer influence is the main factor initiating their smoking behavior. From the study, about 50.4% (n=125) of participants used <10 sticks of cigarettes per day, 39.1% (n=97) used 11-20 sticks, 9.39% (n=23) used 21-30 sticks, while1.2% of the participants used more than 31 sticks of cigarettes per day. Our data indicate that only 10.9% (n=27) of participants had tried more than5 times to quit smoking. Even though new effective treatments are now available, almost half of the participants, i.e., 51.6% (n=128), had tried to quit smoking without any intervention.Conclusion: Data obtained from this study later may help the public health policy makers and practitioners, especially in Kelantan, Malaysia, to make smoking prevention strategies more effective.Keywords: Smoking behavior, Male smoker, Malay male and smoking assessment.Â

Comparative Study on the AC Brekadown Voltage of Palm Fatty Acid Ester Insulation Oils Mixed With Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Mineral oils are are derived from petroleum which is a non-renewable and non-sustainable source, and therefore there is a critical need to develop alternative insulation oils for use in transformers.  Ester oils offer a number of benefits over mineral oils such as good biodegradability, high cooling stability, good oxidation stability and excellent insulation performance. Nowadays, nanotechnology has become one of the most important research fields in both the academia and industry and it has been shown in previous studies that nanoscale materials are beneficial for transformers. In this regard, the objective of this study is to compare the AC breakdown voltage of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oils mixed with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The PFAE-based nanofluids are prepared using two methods: (1) Method I (weight-based method whereby the concentration of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is 0.01 g/l) and (2) Method II (volume-fraction method whereby the concentration of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%). The AC breakdown voltage test is conducted on the PFAE-based nanofluids in accordance with the ASTM D1816 standard test method. Weibull statistical analysis is carried out to analyse the AC breakdown voltage of fresh PFAE oil and PFAE-based nanofluids. It is found that there is enhancement of the AC breakdown voltage for all PFAE-based nanofluids with the exception of with the exception of one sample prepared using Method II (0.01% Fe3O4 nanoparticles)

Determinants of FDI inflows to developing countries: a panel data analysis

The aim of this paper is to identify, by estimating a panel econometric model, the factors determining FDI inflows to developing countries over a long period. The study is based on a sample of 32 developing countries. In our analysis, FDI inflows are modeled as a function of the market size, total reserves, infrastructure, labour cost and degree of openness for the host countries. Using data from 1982 to 2008, a panel data estimator suggests that the market size, total reserves, infrastructure and labour costs are the main determinants of FDI inflows to developing countries

Determinants of FDI inflows to developing countries: a panel data analysis

The aim of this paper is to identify, by estimating a panel econometric model, the factors determining FDI inflows to developing countries over a long period. The study is based on a sample of 32 developing countries. In our analysis, FDI inflows are modeled as a function of the market size, total reserves, infrastructure, labour cost and degree of openness for the host countries. Using data from 1982 to 2008, a panel data estimator suggests that the market size, total reserves, infrastructure and labour costs are the main determinants of FDI inflows to developing countries

Management of commode injuries of Achilles tendon: a newly established tertiary care hospital-based study

Background: The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, formed by the union of gastrocnemius and soleus. Despite its strength, the Achilles tendon is vulnerable to injury, due to its subcutaneous position and the high tensions placed on it. Common mode of Achilles tendon injury nowadays in India is slipping of the foot in Indian type of commode and is often fraught with complications due to the potential contamination of wound at the time of injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome and complications of open Achilles tendon injury with an Indian type commode.Methods: 30 patients who presented with open Achilles tendon injury between the ages of 10 to 55 years were included. All the patients were treated with emergency debridement, thorough washing and primary repair within 24 hours using Krackow technique.Results: Out of the 30 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, there was 1 case of superficial infection which resolved with antibiotics and serial dressings. Foreign body sensation was present in 3 patients at final follow-up. Hypertrophic scar formation was seen in one patient. There were no cases of re-rupture in our study. Mean ROM at ankle in saggital plane at final follow-up was 66.13 degrees.Conclusions: Commode injury is the most common cause of open Achilles tendon injury in Indian population. The complications can be minimized by early primary repair and should only be undertaken after thorough washing and debridement under proper antibiotic cover to contain the infection

Service Oriented Architecture Adoption: A Systematic Review

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has appeared as an absorbing architectural approach that empowers the available systems to reveal their performance in the act of services without creating important changes to the systems. This approach, due to its flexibility of adoption, has been widely appreciated by the businesses. Though there are many studies that depict successful factors of SOA, a few minor cases of failure have also been reported in the literature. In spite of the availability of rich material on SOA, there is no systematic literature review on the influential aspect of SOA adoption factors. Thus, this paper presents a systematic literature review of existing studies (from 2009 to 2015) related to the SOA adoption and its success and failure. The central purpose of the study is to focus on the existing issues and share the findings with researchers. Moreover, the findings of this paper would help the IT experts in organizations focus on the most important factors highlighted in this study, so they could decide whether it is advisable to adopt SOA in their context or not

Effect of repeated electrical breakdowns on mineral and natural ester insulating oils

Transformer insulating oils are exposed to repeated electrical discharge or breakdowns inside power transformers. Durability tests are conducted to analyze the ability of oil to resist decomposition due to such high electrical stresses. With the increasing demand for alternative insulating oils for oilimmersed transformers, it is worthy to compare the performance of different types of insulating oils (conventional mineral-based insulating oil and natural ester-based insulating oil) under repeated electrical breakdown. In this paper, the AC breakdown voltage of different mineral-based and natural ester-based insulating oils is reported. Durability tests were conducted based on the AC breakdown voltage behavior of insulating oils after 50 electrical breakdown shots. The AC breakdown voltage of each insulating oil sample was assessed according to the ASTM D1816 standard test method. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the dissimilarity in chemical composition of the insulating oils has a significant effect on the AC breakdown voltage behavior of these oils under repeated electrical breakdowns

Heuristic-based programable controller for efficient energy management under renewable energy sources and energy storage system in smart grid

An operative and versatile household energy management system is proposed to develop and implement demand response (DR) projects. These are under the hybrid generation of the energy storage system (ESS), photovoltaic (PV), and electric vehicles (EVs) in the smart grid (SG). Existing household energy management systems cannot offer its users a choice to ensure user comfort (UC) and not provide a sustainable solution in terms of reduced carbon emission. To tackle these problems, this research work proposes a heuristic-based programmable energy management controller (HPEMC) to manage the energy consumption in residential buildings to minimize electricity bills, reduce carbon emissions, maximize UC and reduce the peak-to-average ratio (PAR). We used our proposed hybrid genetic particle swarm optimization (HGPO) algorithm and existing algorithms like a genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), wind-driven optimization algorithm (WDO), bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) to schedule smart appliances optimally to attain our desired objectives. In the proposed model, consumers use solar panels to produce their energy from microgrids. We also perform MATLAB simulations to validate our proposed HGPO-HPEMC (HHPEMC), and results confirm the efficiency and productivity of our proposed HPEMC based strategy. The proposed algorithm reduced the electricity cost by 25.55%, PAR by 36.98%, and carbon emission by 24.02% as compared to the case of without scheduling

MECHANICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF TNB IN-SERVICE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS USING SWEEP FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS (SFRA)

Distribution transformers in TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) are exposed to the thermal and electrical stresses. Those stresses are effecting to the main mechanical active parts in transformer such as core and winding. In field, lightning strikes and cable faults may cause problem due to transformer core and winding. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) is an off-line diagnostic tool used for finding out any possible winding displacement or mechanical deterioration inside the transformer especially core and winding. SFRA diagnosis is made based on the comparison between two SFRA responses and any significant difference in low, middle and high frequency sub-bands region would potentially indicate mechanical or electrical problem to the winding and core of transformer. The aim of this paper is to assess the condition of TNB in-service distribution transformers by using SFRA method