Relationship between Physical Activity of Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy with Preterm Birth Using Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) Questionnaire

Abstract Objective: To examine the relationship between the intensity of physical activity of pregnant women with preterm birth and to know the relationship between types of physical activity of pregnant women with preterm birth. Method: This research was a case control study that was  conducted at Dr. Cipto Magunkusumo Hospital and Karawang Hospital in January 2017 to June 2017 with  KPAS questionnaire  which was divided into two groups, preterm birth  and  term birth. The sample size was 127 subjects for each group. The analysis was done by multivariate analysis of etiologic concept. Result: In term birth, the most frequent physical activity intensities were: moderate intensity (64.6%, n = 82), light intensity (22%, n = 28), and vigorous intensity (13.4%, n = 17). In preterm birth, the most frequent physical activity intensities were: light intensity  (40.1%, n = 51), vigorous  intensity (33.9%, n = 43), and moderate intensity (26%, n = 33). Adjusted OR of preterm birth in light  intensity versus moderate intensity was  OR 5.32 (95% CI, 2.80-10.13;P = < 0.001). While adjusted OR of preterm birth in vigorous intensity  compared with moderate intensity was  OR 6.29 (95% CI, 3.28- 13.46;P = < 0.001). Work and sport have a significant association with preterm birth  with OR 3.19 (95% CI, 1.62 - 6.28;P = 0.001) and OR 1.85 (95% CI,1.11 - 3.09; P= 0.017). Occupational conditions are also associated with preterm birth, including: weight lifting with OR 5.16 (95% CI, 1.10-24.08, P = 0.021), walking with OR 3.57 (95% CI, 1.61-7.92, P = 0.001), sitting with OR 2.79 (95% CI, 1.23-6.31, P =  0.011), and standing with OR 3.04 (95% CI, 1.40-6.59; P = 0.003). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the intensity of physical activity and  type of physical activity in pregnant women with preterm birth. Keywords: intensity of physical activity, KPAS, physical activity, preterm labor   Abstrak Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas aktivitas fisik perempuan hamil dengan persalinan prematur dan mengetahui hubungan antara jenis aktivitas fisik perempuan hamil dengan persalinan prematur. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di RS Cipto Magunkusumo dan RS Karawang pada bulan Januari 2017 hingga Juni 2017 dengan kuesioner KPAS yang dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu persalinan prematur dan persalinan cukup bulan. Jumlah sampel adalah 127 subjek untuk masing-masing kelompok. Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis  multivariat konsep etiologik. Hasil: Pada persalinan cukup bulan, secara berurutan intensitas aktivitas fisik yang paling banyak dilakukan, antara lain : intensitas sedang (64.6%, n= 82), intensitas ringan (22 %, n = 28), dan intensitas berat  (13.4 %, n = 17). Pada persalinan prematur, secara berurutan intensitas aktivitas fisik yang paling banyak dilakukan, antara lain : intensitas ringan (40.1 %, n = 51), intensitas berat (33.9 %, n = 43), dan intensitas sedang  (26 %, n = 33).  Hubungan antara intensitas aktivitas fisik ringan dibandingkan intensitas sedang untuk persalinan prematur memiliki OR 5.32 (IK 95% 2.80-10.13;P = < 0.001). Sedangkan  hubungan antara intensitas aktivitas fisik berat dibandingkan intensitas sedang untuk persalinan prematur memiliki OR 6.29 (IK 95% 3.28- 13.46;p = < 0.001). Pekerjaan dan olahraga memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan persalinan prematur dengan OR 3.19 (IK 95% 1,62 – 6.28;p = 0.001) dan OR 1.85 (IK 95% 1.11 – 3.09;p= 0.017). Kondisi pekerjaan juga berhubungan dengan persalinan prematur, antara lain : angkat berat (OR 5.16; IK 95% 1.10-24.08; p = 0.021), berjalan (OR 3.57;IK 95% 1.61-7.92;p = 0.001), duduk (OR 2.79;IK 95% 1.23-6.31; p = 0.011 ), dan berdiri (OR 3.04 ;IK 95% 1.40-6.59;p = 0.003)

Studi Bentuk dan Ruang Deain Pertamanan Tradisional Peninggalan Kerajaan-Kerajaan Di Bali

Abstract Raja-raja Bali telah berperan menata alam binaan, dalam bentuk karya-kaya desain pertamanan.Bentuk dan struktur desain taman peninggalan kerajaan Bali kuna: Unsur air; Kolam; Pancuran. Sedangkan bentuk dan struktur desain taman peninggalan Kerajaan Klungkung (Bali madya): Unsur air; Kolam; Bangunan di tengah kolam; Pondasi berbentuk penyu; Arca (naga, kepala penyu) di bawah badan bangunan. Bentuk ruang taman peninggalan kerajaan-kerajaan yang diteliti berpola geometris segi empat panjang. Bentuk dan dimensi ruangnya tidak sama. Konsep ruangnya berorientasi pada kondisi lokal di Bali (gunung – matahari terbit), hirarki ruang “alam atas” dan “alam bawah”, serta pola ruang “teritorial” khusus. Filosofi desain taman peninggalan Bali kuna menekankan fungsi pembersihan jasmani dan rokhani. Sedangkan konsep filosofi taman peninggalan kerajaan Bali Madya mengacu pada falsafah “Pemutaran Mandhara Giri di Ksirarnawa”. Taman peninggalan kerajaan-kerajaan di Bali dapat dikembangkan ke dalam desain taman modern, sesuai dengan konteks zaman (rekontekstualisasi), tanpa meninggalkan makna aslinya. Desain taman tradisional Bali, memiliki keunggulan lokal yang dapat bersaing di era globalisasi. Kata-kata Kunci: Bentuk, Struktur, Ruang, Filosofi, Rekontekstualisasi

An investigation of the performance of a new Mechanical thrombectomy device using Bond Graph modelling: application to the extraction of blood clots in the middle cerebral artery

A number of thrombectomy devices using a variety of methods have now been developed to facilitate clot removal. We present research involving one such experimental device recently developed in the UK, called a ‘GP’ Thrombus Aspiration Device (GPTAD). This device has the potential to bring about the extraction of a thrombus. Although the device is at a relatively early stage of development, the results look encouraging. In this work, we present an analysis and modeling of the GPTAD by means of the bond graph technique; it seems to be a highly effective method of simulating the device under a variety of conditions. Such modeling is useful in optimizing the GPTAD and predicting the result of clot extraction. The aim of this simulation model is to obtain the minimum pressure necessary to extract the clot and to verify that both the pressure and the time required to complete the clot extraction are realistic for use in clinical situations, and are consistent with any experimentally obtained data. We therefore consider aspects of rheology and mechanics in our modeling

Using palaeoenvironmental DNA to reconstruct past environments: progress and prospects

Palaeoenvironmental DNA (PalEnDNA) is defined as ancient DNA (aDNA) originating from disseminated genetic material within palaeoenvironmental samples. Sources of PalEnDNA include marine and lake sediments, peat, loess, till, ice, permafrost, palaeosols, coprolites, preserved gut contents, dental calculus, tephras, and soils as well as deposits in caves/rockshelters and at archaeological sites. PalEnDNA analysis provides a relatively new tool for Quaternary and archaeological sciences and its applications have included palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary reconstructions, testing hypotheses regarding megafaunal extinctions, human–environment interactions, taxonomic studies and studies of DNA damage. Because PalEnDNA samples comprise markedly different materials, and represent wide-ranging depositional and taphonomic contexts, various issues must be addressed to achieve robust, reproducible findings. Such issues include climatic and temporal limitations, the biological origin and state (free versus bound) of PalEnDNA, stratigraphic reliability, sterile sampling, ability to distinguish modern from aDNA signals, DNA damage and PCR amplification, DNA extraction methods, and taxonomic resolution. In this review, we provide a non-specialist introduction to the use of PalEnDNA for Quaternary and archaeological researchers, assess attributes and limitations of this palaeoenvironmental tool, and discuss future prospects of using PalEnDNA to reconstruct past environments

Evaluation of objective and subjective indicators of death in a period of one year in a sample of prevalent patients under regular hemodialysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To identify objective and subjective indicators of death in prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients in a follow-up study of 12 months.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included end-stage renal disease patients undergoing HD and analyzed demographic and laboratory data from the dialysis unit's records. Baseline data concerning socioeconomic status, comorbidity, quality of life level, coping style and depression were also assessed. For variables that differed in the comparison between survivors and non-survivors, Cox proportional hazards for death were calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mortality rate was 13.0%. Non-survivors differed in age, comorbidity, inclusion on the transplant waiting list and physical functioning score. The hazard ratios of death were 8.958 (2.843-28.223; <it>p </it>< 0.001) for comorbidity, 3.992 (1.462-10.902; <it>p </it>= 0.007) for not being on the transplant waiting list, 1.038 (1.012-1.066; <it>p </it>= 0.005) for age, and 0.980 (0.964-0.996; <it>p </it>= 0.014) for physical functioning.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Comorbidity, not being on the transplant waiting list, age and physical functioning, which reflects physical status, must be seen as risk indicators of death among patients undergoing HD.</p

Effects of Compression and Collective Expansion on Particle Emission from Central Heavy-Ion Reactions

Conditions under which compression occurs and collective expansion develops in energetic reactions of heavy nuclei, are analyzed, together with their effects on emitted light baryons and pions. Within transport simulations, it is shown that shock fronts perpendicular to beam axis form in head-on reactions. The fronts separate hot compressed matter from normal. As impact parameter increases, the angle of inclination of the fronts relative to beam axis decreases, and in-between the fronts a weak tangential discontinuity develops. Hot matter exposed to the vacuum in directions perpendicular to shock motion (and parallel to fronts), starts to expand sideways, early within reactions. Expansion in the direction of shock motion follows after the shocks propagate through nuclei, but due to the delay does not acquire same strength. Expansion affects angular distributions, mean-energy components, shapes of spectra and mean energies of different particles emitted into any one direction, and further particle yields. Both the expansion and a collective motion associated with the weak discontinuity, affect the magnitude of sideward flow within reaction plane. Differences in mean particle energy components in and out of the reaction plane in semicentral collisions, depend sensitively on the relative magnitude of shock speed in normal matter and speed of sound in hot matter.Comment: 71 pages, 33 figures (available on request), report MSUCL-94

The Spread of HIV in Pakistan: Bridging of the Epidemic between Populations

In the last two decades, ‘concentrated epidemics’ of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have established in several high risk groups in Pakistan, including Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and among men who have sex with men (MSM). To explore the transmission patterns of HIV infection in these major high-risk groups of Pakistan, 76 HIV samples were analyzed from MSM, their female spouses and children, along with 26 samples from a previously studied cohort of IDUs. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV gag gene sequences obtained from these samples indicated a substantial degree of intermixing between the IDU and MSM populations, suggesting a bridging of HIV infection from IDUs, via MSM, to the MSM spouses and children. HIV epidemic in Pakistan is now spreading to the female spouses and offspring of bisexual MSM. HIV control and awareness programs must be refocused to include IDUs, MSM, as well as bisexual MSM, and their spouses and children

BRIT1/MCPH1 links chromatin remodelling to DNA damage response

To detect and repair damaged DNA, DNA damage response proteins need to overcome the barrier of condensed chromatin to gain access to DNA lesions1. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is one of the fundamental mechanisms used by cells to relax chromatin in DNA repair2–3. However, the mechanism mediating their recruitment to DNA lesions remains largely unknown. BRIT1 (also known as MCPH1) is an early DNA damage response protein that is mutated in human primary microcephaly4–8. We report here a previously unknown function of BRIT1 as a regulator of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF in DNA repair. Upon DNA damage, BRIT1 increases its interaction with SWI/SNF through the ATM/ATR-dependent phosphorylation on the BAF170 subunit. This increase of binding affinity provides a means by which SWI/SNF can be specifically recruited to and maintained at DNA lesions. Loss of BRIT1 causes impaired chromatin relaxation owing to reduced association of SWI/SNF with chromatin. This explains the decreased recruitment of repair proteins to DNA lesions and reduced efficiency of repair in BRIT1-deficient cells, resulting in impaired survival from DNA damage. Our findings, therefore, identify BRIT1 as a key molecule that links chromatin remodeling with DNA damage response in the control of DNA repair, and its dysfunction contributes to human disease