Pelvic abscess complicating transvaginal oocyte retrieval: A case report from a public in vitro fertilization centre in Southern Nigeria

Pelvic abscess complicating transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization is uncommon. Difficulties and/or delays in diagnosis,  attributable to the rarity of the pathology, are associated with  complications that lead to severe maternal and perinatality morbidity and mortality. In this report, we present a 37 year old nulliparous woman who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer for infertility treatment. She presented with non-specific symptoms of pelvic pain nine weeks after transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Despite antibiotic therapy, she developed acute abdomen that resulted in pregnancy loss and necessitated two laparotomies to save her life.There is need for high index of suspicion and early diagnoses of this rare complication of transvaginal oocyte retrieval particularly now that uptake of assisted reproduction technique in the treatment of infertility is likelyto increase in sub-Saharan Africa with the advent of public hospital involvement.Keywords: Pelvic abscess, transvaginal oocyte retrieval, in vitro fertilization

Serodiagnosis of dermatophilosis IV. antigenic selection for optimal antibody response determination in Dermatophilus congolensis infected animals by counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Four different antigenic extracts of Dermatophilus congolensis were evaluated for their suitability for   counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique in detecting antibodies to D.congolensis. Thirty (30) sera   collected during an outbreak of dermatnphilosis in a herd of Santa Gertrudes cattle were tested. Twenty-eight (28) of the sera reacted to at least one of the antigenic extracts while 14 of them reacted to all the four  exuacis. Twent) (20) sera reacted to the two extracellular extracts (ammonium sulphate extracts, DcAS and extracellular polysaccharide, DcPS) while 18 sera reacted to the two whole cell-associated antigens (Triton X-100 extract of the cell walls, DcTX and cytoplasmic antigens, DcCP). Twenty-eight sera (93.33%) reacted to DcAS followed by 25 (83.33%) sera which reacted to DcCP, 21 (70.0%) to DcTX and lastly 20 (66.67%) to DcPS. Twenty-four 80.0% sera reacted to both DcAS and DcCP; 18 (60.0%) and 15 (50.0%) of the sera   reacted to both DcPS and DcTX antigens and DcPS and DcCP antigens respectively. Of the four extracts, only DcAS and DcCP detected multiple antibodies and these antigenic extracts \\ere found to have the highest antibody detection rates. This observation recommends the extracellular and cytoplasmic antigens for seroepidemiological studies of dermatophilosis

Skim latex serum as an alternative nutrition for microbial growth

Malaysia is one of the biggest producers of natural rubber. The fresh latex, tapped from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), known as field latex, is a cloudy white and viscous liquid containing rubber fraction and non-rubber components. As a basic raw material in rubber processing, fresh field latex undergoes a series of procedures during its conversion to either dry rubber, or high concentrated latex. To prepare high concentrated latex, ammonia is usually added to the field latex upon reaching the factories to prevent coagulation. Ammoniated latex will then undergo centrifugation which yield high concentrated latex and a by-product named ‘skim latex’. Skim latex is considered as low value by-product and usually discarded as waste effluent. However, it must be first treated in the oxidation treatment pond, before the clearer water can be released into the main waterways. In Malaysia, the discharged water must meet the strict requirements of MS ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Eventually, the rubber manufacturers have to spend a lot of money for waste management and effluent treatment of skim latex. Therefore, utilization of this wasteful skim latex is one of the economic saving measures and may minimize the environmental problems. This chapter aims at delibrating the use of the serum of skim latex as an alternative nutrition for culturing microorganism. As a model microorganism, this study has selected to use Bacillus lichenformis (ATCC 12759). Skim latex serum was used as the basal media, supplemented by some selected medium composition (lactose, galactose, casein, KH2PO4, MgSO4 and LB broth) for the production of extracellular protease. At the end of the study, it was demonstrated that skim latex serum is able to fulfill a criteria as an efficient culture media due to its abundance, low cost, stable in quality and having a stimulatory effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, valorization of this wasteful skim latex into protease enzyme is hoped to be an introduction for further inventions relating to processes suitable for microbial culturing