9 research outputs found
InverseâDesigned MetaâOptics with SpectralâSpatial Engineered Response to Mimic Color Perception
Meta-optics have rapidly become a major research field within the optics and
photonics community, strongly driven by the seemingly limitless opportunities
made possible by controlling optical wavefronts through interaction with arrays
of sub-wavelength scatterers. As more and more modalities are explored, the
design strategies to achieve desired functionalities become increasingly
demanding, necessitating more advanced design techniques. Herein, the
inverse-design approach is utilized to create a set of single-layer meta-optics
that simultaneously focus light and shape the spectra of focused light without
using any filters. Thus, both spatial and spectral properties of the
meta-optics are optimized, resulting in spectra that mimic the color matching
functions of the CIE 1931 XYZ color space, which links the distributions of
wavelengths in light and the color perception of a human eye. Experimental
demonstrations of these meta-optics show qualitative agreement with the
theoretical predictions and help elucidate the focusing mechanism of these
devices
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of steady state clearance of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite from sparse routine clinical data
Early feeding practices and associated factors in Sudan: a cross-sectional analysis from multiple Indicator cluster survey
Effects of Discontinuation of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Valproate on Concomitant Antiepileptic Medication
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Prediction of Outcome and Endovascular Treatment Benefit
Background and purposeBenefit of early endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke varies considerably among patients. The MR PREDICTS decision tool, derived from MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), predicts outcome and treatment benefit based on baseline characteristics. Our aim was to externally validate and update MR PREDICTS with data from international trials and daily clinical practice.MethodsWe used individual patient data from 6 randomized controlled trials within the HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) collaboration to validate the original model. Then, we updated the model and performed a second validation with data from the observational MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0â2) 3 months after stroke. Treatment benefit was defined as the difference between the probability of functional independence with and without EVT. Discriminative performance was evaluated using a concordance (C) statistic.ResultsWe included 1242 patients from HERMES (633 assigned to EVT, 609 assigned to control) and 3156 patients from the MR CLEAN Registry (all of whom underwent EVT within 6.5 hours). The C-statistic for functional independence was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.72â0.77) in HERMES and, after model updating, 0.80 (0.78â0.82) in the Registry. Median predicted treatment benefit of routinely treated patients (Registry) was 10.3% (interquartile range, 5.8%â14.4%). Patients with low (<1%) predicted treatment benefit (n=135/3156 [4.3%]) had low rates of functional independence, irrespective of reperfusion status, suggesting potential absence of treatment benefit. The updated model was made available online for clinicians and researchers at www.mrpredicts.com.ConclusionsBecause of the substantial treatment effect and small potential harm of EVT, most patients arriving within 6 hours at an endovascular-capable center should be treated regardless of their clinical characteristics. MR PREDICTS can be used to support clinical judgement when there is uncertainty about the treatment indication, when resources are limited, or before a patient is to be transferred to an endovascular-capable center