The effects of supplemental feeds containing different protein: Energy ratios on the growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) in brackishwater ponds

A research was conducted in thirty approximately 100 sq.m earthern ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Centre (BAC), College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines, Leganes Iloilo from November 7, 1982 to March 7, 1983 to evaluate the effects of nine supplemental feeds containing different protein: energy ratios on the growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica in brackishwater ponds. Nine supplemental feeds formulated were with protein levels of 20%, 25%, and 30% each at three energy levels of 3,000 kcals; 3,500 kcals; and 4,000 kcals. There was a control treatment with no feeding so that mean weight gain growth rate, feed conversion rate, and survival were determined. Fish fingerlings were acclimated from 0-29 ppt. salinity before the experiment and 20% of fish in each treatment were sampled after every 30 days. Growth rates were significantly different and increased with increasing energy level at the 30% protein feeds but decreased at high energy levels in the 20% and 25% protein feeds. Feed conversion was significantly different due to interaction between protein and energy levels in the feeds, and was better at the 30:3,500 kcals feeds having a feed conversion of 1.55 g. Survival was not significantly differen

Imbibition, germination, and early seedling growth responses of light purple and yellow seeds of red clover to distilled water, sodium chloride, and nutrient solution

The seeds of red clover are heteromorphic and two color morphs can be visually recognized, light purple and yellow, resulting from heterozygosity and recessive homozygosity at two loci. Here, we report the responses of seed imbibition, seed germination, and early seedling growth of the two morphs to distilled water, sodium chloride, and complete nutrient solution. The sensitivity of red clover seeds to treatments increased with the stage of development in what seems to be a cumulative process. No differences were found in seed imbibition between morphs or between treatments. In seedling growth, on the contrary, treatments were always effective, but differences between morphs were only observed in seeds that were treated with nutrient solution, whereas in the intermediate stage of seed germination, the effects by treatments were observed together with the appearance of differences between morphs in distilled water and in the treatment by sodium chloride solution. Simultaneously, the superior performance of the yellow morph that was found in germination, which appears to be a trait stable across cultivars of red clover seeds, turned into a superior performance of the light purple morph in seedling growth

An exact solution to the Dirac equation for a time dependent Hamiltonian in 1-1D space-time

We find an exact solution to the Dirac equation in 1-1 dimensional space-time in the presence of a time-dependent potential which consists of a combination of electric, scalar, and pseudoscalar terms.Comment: Five page

Neuropathological investigations of three murine models of Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a purely genetic neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 people. It is most commonly associated with excessive involuntary movement, or chorea, combined with varying degrees of other motor, psychiatric and cognitive disturbances. Identification of the mutation in the HD gene prompted the generation of several transgenic mouse models. HD is but one of a family of at least 9 triplet repeat disorders, all of which exhibit protein aggregation by a similar mechanism. The understanding of one disease is therefore of importance to the understanding of them all. This thesis aims to be a comprehensive comparative study of three very different mouse models of HD elucidating the pathological changes that precede and accompany the disease process. The work described in this thesis presents a detailed account of a longitudinal study of the pathological changes that occur within the brains of founder generations of mice transgenic for exon 1 of the HD gene, containing a highly expanded CAG repeat, the R6 lines. I have determined the intracellular sites for deposition and accumulation of the mutant protein huntingtin (htt), within both the neurons and glia of the central nervous system. The progressive accumulation of additional proteins within these aggregates has been described. The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the neuronal intranuclear inclusion (NII) was determined using both immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses. The cellular consequences resulting from the aggregation of mutant htt were also investigated. I have conducted a detailed morphometric analysis of neurones within the cerebral cortex, striatum and cerebellum throughout the period of protein deposition, until the eventual degeneration of these cells. The dendritic and somal changes resulting from the cellular disruption associated with these NII are also described. In a further series of experiments I have investigated the changes that occur in a novel model of HD, namely the conditional, doxycycline inducible double transgenic mouse, HD94 model. It was interesting to find that the same construct when differently manipulated in two mouse lines can produce such contrasting symptoms and pathology. This was highlighted by the comparison of immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses between the HD94 and the R6 lines, where the pattern of mutant protein deposition was found to vary significantly. Lastly I have studied a more genetically accurate murine model of HD, the HD80 ‘knock-in model’. These mice develop a pathology broadly similar to that of the R6 lines but markedly different to that of the HD94, and over a much longer time frame This detailed comparative analysis of the molecular and cellular pathology of three transgenic mouse models of HD provides new insights identifying novel and unique neuropathology and suggests new approaches for therapeutic treatments for this disease

Information capacity of quantum observable

In this paper we consider the classical capacities of quantum-classical channels corresponding to measurement of observables. Special attention is paid to the case of continuous observables. We give the formulas for unassisted and entanglement-assisted classical capacities $C,C_{ea}$ and consider some explicitly solvable cases which give simple examples of entanglement-breaking channels with $C<C_{ea}.$ We also elaborate on the ensemble-observable duality to show that $C_{ea}$ for the measurement channel is related to the $\chi$-quantity for the dual ensemble in the same way as $C$ is related to the accessible information. This provides both accessible information and the $\chi$-quantity for the quantum ensembles dual to our examples.Comment: 13 pages. New section and references are added concerning the ensemble-observable dualit

Referral to hospital in Nepal: 4 years' experience in one rural district

Formal referral systems have been proposed as a strategy to improve access to secondary care, yet their implementation can be problematic. This paper describes data from referrals in one rural district in Nepal over a four year period. Whilst the characteristics of those patients attending hospital after referral were similar to those described in other developing countries, the rate (1.0 per 1,000 population per year) is much lower, especially when compared to estimated need. Geographical and other barriers to access to secondary care in rural Nepal are discussed

The effect of soil moisture content on leaf extension rate and yield of perennial ryegrass

peer-reviewedThree experiments are described that were designed to evaluate the relationship between soil moisture and perennial ryegrass growth and leaf extension rate (LER) in loam or silt clay loam soil. When soil moisture was maintained at a range of proportions (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25) of field capacity (FC) in a pot experiment in a glasshouse, 0.75FC had consistently higher growth and LER than 0.5FC and, to a lesser extent, 1.25FC. The quadratic relationship between herbage growth and amount of water applied to maintain target field capacity, was stronger than for that between LER and the amount of water applied, with a maximum response at an application of about 2.5 L/m2 per day. In a microsward (soil depth of 30 cm in boxes 56 cm × 72 cm) trial inducing drought by withholding water for a range of durations resulted in a progressive decline in LER. When soil moisture content fell to about 0.4 of that of the consistently watered control LER was less than 0.1 of the control. However within one week of receiving water, even in the relatively severe drought treatment, LER was not significantly lower than the control treatment. LER was quadratically related to soil moisture content when soil was drying or after rewatering. In a further experiment on the microswards, reducing soil moisture content to about 0.18 g/g by limiting water in May-June resulted in a severe reduction in LER and growth rate and a decline in tillering rate. However, after application of the equivalent of 3 mm precipitation per day in late June, while soil moisture content remained relatively low (about 0.2 to 0.25 g/g soil), LER and herbage growth increased rapidly to as high as in consistently watered microswards. In a treatment in which soil moisture content eventually exceeded FC, LER and herbage growth declined with increase in excess above FC, concurring with findings in the steady state soil moisture experiment. Implications of the data for prediction of production from sown grass swards using temperate maritime grass-growth models are that: (1) during drought, when rainfall resumes, regrowth will be influenced more by amount of rainfallthan soil moisture content and (2) excess soil moisture should be taken into account, including effects of reduced nutrient uptake and post-anoxia stress

Environment and technical progress around us

I want to draw your attention to the urgent problem of your life: Technical progress and Environment. Because of the lack of time I will start with the short characteristic of the environment. Its common knowledge that environment is everything that is around us and affects the character and growth of living things. When talking about the environmental problems, ecological issues can’t be separated their effect on mankind nor can’t human activities be separated from their effect on the ecology. Taking into consideration the experience of several generations, witnessing the results of people’s activity, we can say that the problem of our environment and technical progress is closely connected. Being a result of people’s activity, environmental pollution is a term that refers to all ways how human activity harms the natural environment. It is done in different ways - black smoke and fume of factories etc. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2866

ICT utilization and the information economy: the case of Malaysia

Malaysia is taking steps to transform the economy from being production-based to being knowledge driven (K-economy). In line with this objective, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been identified as the strategic enabling tools that will support the growth of the Malaysian economy as well as enhance the living standard of the population. Hence, in the past decade various initiatives have been taken by the government to promote the use and development of ICT. However, there are many issues and challenges that need to be addressed by the country before a successful transformation to a K-economy can be made. One of the issues is ICT utilization for the development of an information society and economy in the country. The paper assesses the current state of ICT utilization in Malaysia based on secondary data. The result indicates that the level of ICT utilization in the country is still low compared to selected countries and there exist wide disparities among states in Malaysia in terms of accessibility to ICT

The use of locally available materials in fish feed production

In Nigeria, the culture of fish is gaining importance, but local fish farmers face a set back because of the stoppage on importation of fish feed. Locally available raw materials such as yam, plantain, banana, cowpeas, macuna, maize, cassava, millet, sorghum, groundnut, sunnhemp seed and brewery wastes are considered as potential materials for fish feed. These have been examined on their minimum protein contributions since this is the most expensive part of the fish feed. Alternative sources to animal proteins are also examined. Plant protein from groundnut, melon, mucuna and others compare favourably with bloodmeal mixture and thus can be used to replace the more expensive animal proteins. Pellet feed can be produced on a small scale or commercial basis from the locally available raw materials and the fish farmer is advised to seek assistance from qualified fisheries personne