Simultaneous extraction and determination of Allura Red (E129) and brilliant blue FCF (E133) in foodstuffs by column solid-phase spectrophotometry

Background: Allura Red (AR) and Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) are highly water-soluble synthetic food dyes used to color baked goods, beverages, candies, jellies, sausages, etc. Although AR and BB are not entirely toxic, they can lead to health problems in humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a column solid-phase extraction (SPE) and preconcentration method based on the adsorption on a Diaion HP-20 polymeric resin for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of AR and BB. Methods: The column SPE method was used, and the analytical parameters of the SPE method, such as pH, sample flow rate, sample volume, etc., were systematically investigated and optimized. Results: The detection limits of AR and BB ranged between 0.90 and 0.19 µg/L and quantification limits between 2.59 and 0.53 µg/L, respectively. Preconcentration factors were obtained at 80 and 100 for AR and BB, respectively. The RSDs of the method were lower than 4% for both dyes. The method was successfully applied to foodstuffs. AR and BB contents in foodstuffs were determined between 9.48–407.34 and 2.96–137.12 µg/g, respectively, for solid samples; 52.28 and 5.91 µg/mL of dye contents of liquid samples were determined for AR and BB, respectively. Conclusions: Satisfactory recoveries show that the method will be more useful for future food quality and control applications. Highlights: The developed method exhibited simplicity and reliable, simultaneous determination of AR and BB in foodstuffs. © 2019 AOAC International. All Rights Reserved

Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of brilliant blue and sunset yellow in foodstuffs by solid-phase extraction combined UV-vis spectrophotometry

PubMed ID: 29843864Background: Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow, two highly water-soluble synthetic food dyes, are the most popular food dyes used and consumed. Although they are not highly toxic, some health problems can be observed when excessive amounts of food products containing these dyes are consumed. Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a simultaneous UV-Vis combined solid-phase extraction method, based on the adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-8 resin, for determination of Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow dyes. Methods: Sample solution was poured into the reservoir of the column and permitted to gravitationally pass through the column at 2 mL/min flow rate. Adsorbed dyes were eluted to 5 mL of final volume with 1 mol/L HNO 3 in ethanol solution by applying a 2 mL/min flow rate. Dye concentrations of the solution were determined at 483 and 630 nm for Sunset Yellow and Brilliant Blue, respectively. Results: The detection limits of the method for Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow were determined as 0.13 and 0.66 ng/mL, respectively. Preconcentration factor was 80. Brilliant Blue contents of real food samples were found to be between 11 and 240 µg/g. Sunset Yellow concentrations of foodstuffs were determined to be between 19 and 331 µg/g. Conclusions: Economical, effective, and simple simultaneous determination of Brilliant Blue and Sunset Yellow was achieved by using a solid-phase extraction combined UV-Vis spectrometry method. Highlights: The method is applicable and suitable for routine analysis in quality control laboratories without the need for expert personnel and high operational costs because the instrumentation is simple and inexpensive. © 2018 AOAC International. All Rights Reserved

Determination of sunset yellow (E110) in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals after separation and preconcentration via solid-phase extraction method

The two novel preconcentration and separation methods based on adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 polymeric resins for spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow dye were developed. The parameters, affecting the quantitative recovery, including pH, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent type, sample volume, were investigated and optimised. The interference effects of some cations, anions and widely used dye were also studied. At the optimum conditions, detection limits of the methods were found as 2.0 and 1.6 µg L-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges of the methods were obtained in the range of 0.2-50.0 and 0.2-20.0 µg mL-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below than 7% and 5% for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The determination of dye was performed at 483.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the sunset yellow content of some foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. The two novel preconcentration and separation methods based on adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 polymeric resins for spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow dye were developed. The parameters, affecting the quantitative recovery, including pH, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent type, sample volume, were investigated and optimised. The interference effects of some cations, anions and widely used dye were also studied. At the optimum conditions, detection limits of the methods were found as 2.0 and 1.6 µg L-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges of the methods were obtained in the range of 0.2-50.0 and 0.2-20.0 µg mL-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below than 7% and 5% for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The determination of dye was performed at 483.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the sunset yellow content of some foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. © 2015 Institute of Food Science and Technology

Solid-phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Allura Red (E129) in foodstuff, soft drink, syrup and energy drink samples: a comparison study

Amberlite XAD-7 and XAD-8 resins were used as adsorbents for preconcentration and determination of Allura Red (AR) food dye in aqueous medium. The effects of pH, sample volume, sample and eluent flow rates on the extraction of AR were optimised. The determination of dye was performed at 506.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Interference effects of matrix ions and some dyes were also investigated under optimised conditions. The methods permitted low detection limits which were 1.2 and 0.6 µg L-1 for XAD-7 and XAD-8, respectively. Adsorption behaviours were investigated by adsorption isotherms and zero charge pH experiments. Validations of the method were performed by determination of AR contents in some foodstuffs. AR contents of liquid samples were found between 58 and 440 µg mL-1. AR concentrations of solid samples were between 416 and 432 µg g-1. The XAD-7 and XAD-8 resins presented a fast and reliable potential to determine AR dye in real samples. © 2016 Institute of Food Science and Technolog