Eficiência de absorção e utilização de nitrogênio por plantas de arroz e de dois ecótipos de arroz vermelho Efficiency of nitrogen uptake and utilization by rice and two red rice ecotypes

A adubação nitrogenada proporciona grandes benefícios ao arroz irrigado. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre os seus efeitos em lavouras infestadas com plantas daninhas, especialmente com arroz vermelho, que é a espécie que causa os maiores danos à orizicultura do Rio Grande do Sul. Através de dois ensaios conduzidos em casa de vegetação e em câmara de crescimento, compararam-se as eficiências de absorção e de utilização de nitrogênio pela cv. BR-IRGA 410 com as de dois ecótipos de arroz vermelho, nos estádios de início do perfilhomento e de início do desenvolvimento da panícula. Para esta avaliação, foram utilizados estudos de cinética de absorção de nitrogênio pelas plantas em solução nutritiva e a análise de concentração e de quantidade de nitrogênio presente nas plantas. No início do perfilhomento, estádio em que a competição por luz é limitada, os três genótipos apresentam eficiências similares na absorção de nitrogênio. Adubação nitrogenada no início do desenvolvimento da panícula beneficia mais os ecótipos de arroz vermelho do que o arroz, em função da sua maior eficiência na absorção e na utilização de N.<br>Nitrogen promotes large benefits to flooded rice. However, little is known about its effects on infested fields, especially with red rice, which is the species that causes the highest damage to flooded rice in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Two experiments were conducted at greenhouse and growth chamber conditions, to compare the efficiencies of uptake and utilization of nitrogen by the cultivar BR-IRGA 410 with two red rice ecotypes, at the growth stages of initial tillering and beginning of panicle differentiation. It were used studies on kinetics of nitrogen uptake by plants in nutrient solution and the analysis of concentration and amount of nitrogen in plants. In the beginning of the tillering, stage with low competition by light, the three genotypes show similar efficiencies on nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen fertilization at beginning of panicle differentation is more advantageous to red rice than to rice, dueto its higher efficiency on nitrogen uptake and utilization

Transcription and translation of phloem protein (PP2) during phloem differentiation in Cucurbita maxima

The synthesis of a major phloem protein, PP2, was investigated by measurement of the mRNA at various stages of phloem development in Cucurbita. Quantitative assays with immuno-electrophoresis showed that the amounts of PP2 in hypocotyls of Cucurbita seedlings increased with the age of seedlings. An increase in mRNA for PP2 during the early stages of seedling growth was also observed by immunoprecipitation of the invitro translation products of hypocotyl polyadenylated RNA. There was close timing in the variations of PP2 synthesised in vivo and in the changes in amounts of translatable PP2-mRNA during the course of seedling growth. A complementary-DNA (cDNA) library to polyadenylated RNA from hypocotyls of 3-d-old Cucurbita seedlings has been constructed. Two cDNA clones, A and B, have been identified by hybrid-release translation to be complementary to the mRNA coding for PP2. The levels of total mRNA for PP2 measured with clone A were found to increase in the first 4 d of seedling growth but decreased to lower levels in older seedlings. Regulatory controls on both transcription and modification of transcripts appeared to occur during the synthesis of PP2. © 1987 Springer-Verlag.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Global impact of COVID-19 on stroke care

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to profound changes in the organization of health care systems worldwide. Aims: We sought to measure the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes for mechanical thrombectomy, stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage hospitalizations over a three-month period at the height of the pandemic (1 March–31 May 2020) compared with two control three-month periods (immediately preceding and one year prior). Methods: Retrospective, observational, international study, across 6 continents, 40 countries, and 187 comprehensive stroke centers. The diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes and/or classifications in stroke databases at participating centers. Results: The hospitalization volumes for any stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mechanical thrombectomy were 26,699, 4002, and 5191 in the three months immediately before versus 21,576, 3540, and 4533 during the first three pandemic months, representing declines of 19.2% (95%CI, −19.7 to −18.7), 11.5% (95%CI, −12.6 to −10.6), and 12.7% (95%CI, −13.6 to −11.8), respectively. The decreases were noted across centers with high, mid, and low COVID-19 hospitalization burden, and also across high, mid, and low volume stroke/mechanical thrombectomy centers. High-volume COVID-19 centers (−20.5%) had greater declines in mechanical thrombectomy volumes than mid- (−10.1%) and low-volume (−8.7%) centers (p &lt; 0.0001). There was a 1.5% stroke rate across 54,366 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was noted in 3.9% (784/20,250) of all stroke admissions. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of overall stroke hospitalizations, mechanical thrombectomy procedures, and intracranial hemorrhage admission volumes. Despite geographic variations, these volume reductions were observed regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization burden and pre-pandemic stroke/mechanical thrombectomy volumes. © 2021 World Stroke Organization