Order parameter and distribution functions for nematogenic OBA and NBA

Using refractive index and density data for nematogenic compounds Octyl benzoic acid (OBA) and Nonyl benzoic acid (NBA), orientational order and hence distribution function has been determined. From this, the higher order parameter P-4] has been estimated for these two compounds. The physical interpretation of these parameters P-2] and P-4] has been given in terms of statistical quantities like variance and kurtosis

Microscopic order parameter of two nematogenic compounds using X-rays

X-ray Lane type diffraction patterns were recorded using the image plate system at different temperatures in the nematic phase for two nematogenic compounds. Micro-orientational order parameters have been computed using different methods, These are compared with the microscopic: orientational order parameters obtained from refractive index data. Higher order parameters have also been computed and compared. Distribution function at various temperatures for the two nematogenic compounds from Deutsch method has been reported

Papillary Microcarcinoma in Multinodular Goiter with Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Multi nodular goitre (MNG) is one of the common presentations of various thyroid diseases. Hitherto issue is whether MNG is significantly associated with malignancy. Various studies have reported a 7 to 17% incidence of malignancy in MNG; most common documented is papillary carcinoma. Here we present a case of 40 year old woman with complains of neck swelling, since 10 months. No history of hypertension and other endocrine disorders. The laboratory investigation shows subclinical hyperthyroidism. Ultrasonography (USG) of anterior neck showed a hypoechoic nodule at right lobe. Cytological diagnosis of colloid goitre was made and hemithyroidectomy was performed and specimen sent for histopathology. The case on histopathology was diagnosed as papillary microcarcinoma in multinodular goiter with lymphocytic thyroiditis which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Recent studies have suggested that the micro-carcinomas classically progress to a clinically evident disease if left untreated. The treatment of papillary microcarcinoma should be similar to papillary thyroid cancer

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CMSX-4 Single Crystals Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) experiences significant attention in nearly all industrial sectors. AM is already well established in fields such as medicine or spare part production. Nevertheless, processing of high-performance nickel-based superalloys and especially single crystalline alloys such as CMSX-4 is challenging due to the difficulty of intense crack formation. Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) takes place at high process temperatures (~ 1000 C) and under vacuum conditions. Current work has demonstrated processing of CMSX-4 without crack formation. In addition, by using appropriate AM scan strategies, even single crystals (SX SEBM CMSX-4) develop directly from the powder bed. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanical properties of SX SEBM CMSX-4 prepared by SEBM in the as-built condition and after heat treatment. The focus is on hardness, strength, low cycle fatigue, and creep properties. These properties are compared with conventional cast and heat-treated material