Ab initio and finite-temperature molecular dynamics studies of lattice resistance in tantalum

This manuscript explores the apparent discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical calculations of the lattice resistance of bcc tantalum. We present the first results for the temperature dependence of the Peierls stress in this system and the first ab initio calculation of the zero-temperature Peierls stress to employ periodic boundary conditions, which are those best suited to the study of metallic systems at the electron-structure level. Our ab initio value for the Peierls stress is over five times larger than current extrapolations of experimental lattice resistance to zero-temperature. Although we do find that the common techniques for such extrapolation indeed tend to underestimate the zero-temperature limit, the amount of the underestimation which we observe is only 10-20%, leaving open the possibility that mechanisms other than the simple Peierls stress are important in controlling the process of low temperature slip.Comment: 12 pages and 9 figure

Household Food Insecurity In Municipalities Of The Paraíba State, Brazil [insegurança Alimentar Das Famílias Residentes Em Municípios Do Interior Do Estado Da Paraíba, Brasil]

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of household food security in 14 municipalities of Paraiba State and examine its association with the social, demographic and economic profile of these families. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 4,533 families was performed. A questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics together with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The prevalences were calculated and the association between the studied variables was verified by the chi-square test. A logistic regression model was adjusted to identify risk factors associated with food security and insecurity. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 11.3% for severe, 17.6% for moderate and 23.6% for mild. Food security was found in 47.5% of the families. The situation in rural areas was worse than in urban areas. Insufficient money to buy food was the main reason reported for the food insecurity status. The final logistic regression consisted of three variables: low per capita family income (US$12.00 vs. US$150.00, Odds Ratio=19.10), poor household conditions (Odds Ratio=1.98) and permanent absence of water supply (Odds Ratio=1.38). A lower prevalence of severe food insecurity was found among families with per capita monthly income up to US$12.00 that were included in social programs. Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity was high. The methodology used proved to be an important assessment tool of food security status and useful to monitor public policies such as the social programs that are part of the Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) strategy of the Federal Government.21SUPPL.111122Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. Atlas do desenvolvimento humano no Brasil. Brasília2003(1990) Pesquisa nacional sobre saúde e nutrição. Resultados preliminares, , Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, Brasília: Ministério da Saúde;Monteiro CA, Conde WL, Konno SC. Análise do inquérito chamada nutricional: 2005. Cad Estud Desenv Soc Debate. 20064(junho):29-37Dantas, M.B.P., Vianna, R.P.T., Almeida, E.S.G., A chamada nutricional na Paraíba: Avaliação de crianças menores de cinco anos na região do semi-árido paraibano. Cad Estud Desenv Soc Debate, 2006 (4), pp. 61-68. , junhoBrasil. Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. II Conferência Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional [documento final]. Olinda2004Valente, F.L.S., Fome, desnutrição e cidadania: Inclusão social e direitos humanos. (2003) Saúde e Soc, 12, pp. 51-60Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. III Conferência Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional [documento final]. Fortaleza2007Brasil. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social. Fome zero: conceito. Brasília. 2007 [acesso 2007 nov]. Disponível em: 〈http://www.fomezero.gov.br/oque-e〉Radimer, K.L., Olson, C.M., Greene, J.C., Campbell, C.C., Habicht, J.P., Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in woman and children (1992) J Nutr Educ, 24 (SUPL), pp. 36-44Segall-Corrêa AM, Perez-Escamilla R, Sampaio MFA, Marin-León L, Panigassi G, Maranha LK, et al. Acompanhamento e avaliação da segurança alimentar de famílias brasileiras: validaçã o de metodologia e de instrumento de coleta de informação: urbano/rural. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas2004 [acesso 2007 jul]. Disponível em: 〈http://www.opas.org.br/publicacl. cfm〉Bickel, G., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W., Cook, J., (2000) Measuring food security in the United States: Guide to measuring household food security, , Washington DC, USDA;Radimer, K.L., Measurament of household food security in the USA and other industrialized countries (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5 (6 A), pp. 859-864Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (2004) Segurança alimentar, , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro;Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censos demográficos e contagens populacionais: 2003. Rio de Janeiro [acesso 2007 jul]. Disponível em: 〈http://www.datasus.gov.br〉Panigassi, G., (2005) Inquérito populacional sobre a percepção da segurança alimentar intrafamiliar no município de Campinas, SP [tese], , Campinas: Unicamp;Leão, M., Segurança alimentar e risco de sobrepeso e obesidade em famílias de crianças menores de 6 anos (2005), dissertaç ão, Brasília: UnB;Marin-Leon, L., Segall-Correa, A.M., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, M.F.A., Perez-Escamilla, R., A percepção de insegurança alimentar em famílias com idosos em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21 (5), pp. 1433-1440Hackett, M., Zubieta, A.C., Hernandez, K., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Food insecurity and household food supplies in rural Ecuador (2007) ALAN, 57 (1), pp. 10-17Melgar-Quinonez, H.R., Zubieta, A.C., Mknelly, B., Nteziyaremye, A., Gerardo, M.F., Dunford, C., Household food insecurity and food expenditure in Bolivia, Burkina Faso, and the Philippines (2006) J Nutr, 136 (5), pp. 1431S-1437SPesquisa de orçamentos familiares (2002) Resultados preliminares, , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro;, 2004Caballero, B., Subnutrição e obesidade em países em desenvolvimento. Cad Estud Desenv Soc Debate, 2005 (2), pp. 10-13. , novembroFerreira, V.A., Magalhães, R., Obesidade e pobreza: O aparente paradoxo. Um estudo com mulheres da Favela da Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21 (6), pp. 1792-1800Ferreira HS, Assunção ML, Florêncio TMMT, Lima MAA. Estado Nutricional de pré-escolares da região semi-árida do estado de Alagoas, 2005. Cad Estud Desenv Soc Debate. 20064(F):37-42Silva, M.V., Sturion, G.L., Estado nutricional, acesso aos programas sociais e aquisição de alimentos. (2004) Saúde Rev, 6 (13), pp. 53-61Burlandy, L., Transferência condicionada de renda e segurança alimentar e nutricional. (2007) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 12 (6), pp. 1441-145

Conceptualizing And Measuring Food And Nutrition Security [conceituando E Medindo Segurança Alimentar E Nutricional]

An interdisciplinary conceptual framework of food security is presented that identifies determinants at the macro-socioeconomic, regional-local, and household levels. Food insecurity is described as having consequences for health and well-being that may or may not be expressed in the form of physical-biological consequences such as underweight or nutritional deficiencies. The implications of this perspective for measurement of food security are addressed. A comparative review of indicators commonly used to assess food security is presented, with special focus on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, which was included in the 2004 National Household Survey (PNAD). The history of the development of the scale in the U.S. and its validation in Brazil are described. Characterized as a direct measure of household food insecurity, this psychometric scale can be used together with indicators and measurement instruments from diverse fields to broaden understanding of this complex phenomenon.161187199Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Consea) (2004) II Conferência Nacional De Segurança Alimentar E Nutricional, 17-20 Março, 2004, , Brasil, Brasília: ConseaAlderman, H., Information as an input into food and nutrition policy formation (1995) Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries, pp. 283-303. , In: Pinstrup-Anderson P, Pelletier D, Alderman H, editors, Ithaca, NY, London: Cornell University Press(1977) Using Social Research in Public Policy Making, , Weiss CH, editor, Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and CoFoucault, M., Two lectures (1980) Power and Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, pp. 78-108. , In: Gordon C, editor, New York: PantheonOlson, C.M., Nutrition and health outcomes associated with food insecurity and hunger (1999) J Nutr, 129 (SUPPL. 2), p. 4. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial On the Internet], [cited 2005 Oct 18], Available fromAlaimo, K., Olson, C.M., Frongillo, E.A., Food insufficiency and American school-aged children's cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development (2001) Pediatrics, 108, p. 10. , http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/vol108/issue1/index.shtml, [serial On the Internet], [cited 2007 Feb 12], Available fromVozoris, N.T., Tarasuk, V.S., Household food insufficiency is associated with poorer health (2003) J Nutr, 133, p. 7. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial On the Internet], [cited 2007 Feb 19], Available fromStuff, J.E., Casey, P.H., Szeto, K.L., Gossett, J.M., Robbins, J.M., Simpson, P.M., Connell, C., Bogle, M.L., Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status (2003) J Nutr, 134, p. 6. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2007 Feb 19], Available fromJyoti, J.F., Frongillo, E.A., Jones, S.J., Food insecurity affects school children's academic performance, weight gain, and social skills (2005) J Nutr, 135, p. 9. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2007 Apr 28], Available from(2005) Estudo De Caso Brasil: A Integração Das Ações De Alimentação E Nutrição Nos Planos De Desenvolvimento Nacional Para O Alcance Das Metas Do Milênio No Contexto Do Direito Humano À Alimentação Adequada: Estatísticas E Informação Em Saúde, , Brasil. Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, (Série G)Alaimo, K., Olson, C.M., Frongillo, E.A., Low family income and food insufficiency in relation to overweight in US children: Is there a paradox? (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, p. 7. , http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/search?fulltext=Alaimo&quicksearch_submit.x=4&quicksearch_submit.y=6, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Mar 28], Available fromTownsend, M., Peerson, J., Love, B., Achterberg, C., Murphy, S., Food insecurity is positively related to overweight in women (2001) J Nutr, 131, p. 8. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2007 Feb 19], Available fromFrongillo, E.A., Understanding obesity and program participation in the context of poverty and food insecurity (2003) J Nutr, 133, p. 2. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Mar 28], Available fromAdams, E.J., Grummer-Strawn, L., Chavez, G., Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of obesity in California women (2003) J Nutr, 133, p. 5. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2007 Feb 19], Available fromWilde, P.E., Peterman, J.N., Individual weight change is associated with household food security status (2006) J Nutr, 136 (SUPPL.), p. 6. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Dec 10], Available fromCaballero, B., Subnutrição e obesidade em países em desenvolvimento (2005) Cadernos De Estudos. Desenvolvimento Social Em Debate, (2), pp. 10-13. , Brasília: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à FomeTozi, F., (2001) Geografias Da Desigualdade: Território E Fome [monografia], , Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas(2003) Measurement and Assessment of Food Deprivation and Undernutrition, , http://www.fivims.net/EN/ISS.htm, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Scientific Symposium, Rome, 26-28 June, 2002. Rome: FAO, Available from(2006) Brazil: Monitoring Progress Towards Hunger Reduction Goals of the World Food Summit (WFS) and The Millennium Declaration (MD), , http://www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/MDG/EN/Brazil_e.pdf, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division, Socio-economic Statistics and Analysis Service, Updated 03-09-2006. Rome: FAO, [cited 2007 Apr 29]. Available fromRocha, S., (2000) Opções Metodológicas Para a Estimação De Linhas De Indigência E De Pobreza No Brasil, (720). , Texto para discussão, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e GestãoLavinas, L., Manão, D., Garcia, E.H., Bittar, M., Bezerra, R.A., (2000) Combinando Compensatório E Redistributivo: O Desafio Das Políticas Sociais No Brasil, , Texto para discussão no 748. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão(2002) A Segurança Alimentar E Nutricional E O Direito Humano À Alimentação No Brasil, , Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea). Secretaria de Estado dos Direitos Humanos e Ministério das Relações Exteriores, Brasília: SEDH/MRE/IpeaPérez-Escamilla, R., Experiência internacional com a escala de percepção de insegurança alimentar (2005) Cadernos De Estudos Desenvolvimento Social Em Debate, 2, pp. 14-27(1996) Rome Declaration on World Food Insecurity, World Food Summit, , Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome: FAOWebb, P., Coates, J., Frongillo, E.A., Rogers, B.L., Swindale, A., Bilinsky, P., Measuring household food insecurity: Why it's so important and yet so difficult to do (2006) J Nutr, 136 (SUPPL.), p. 5. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Oct 21], Available fromCampbell, C.C., Food insecurity: A nutritional outcome or a predictor variable? (1991) J Nutr, 121, pp. 408-415Hamilton, W.L., Cook, J.T., Thompson, W.W., Buron, L.F., Frongillo, E.A., Olson, C.M., Wehler, C.A., (1997) Household Food Security in the United States in 1995: Executive Summary, , Washingon, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Consumer ServiceRadimer, K.L., Olson, C.M., Greene, J.C., Campbell, C.C., Habicht, J.-P., Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in women and children (1992) J Nutr Educ, 24 (SUPPL.), pp. 36-45Wehler, C.A., Scott, R.I., Anderson, J.J., The Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project: A model of domestic hunger - demonstration project in Seattle, Washington (1992) J Nutr Educ, 24 (SUPPL.), pp. 29-35Radimer, K.L., Measurement of household food security in the USA and other industrialized countries (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5 (6 A), p. 6. , http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cabi/phn, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2005 Jan 27], Available fromBickel, G., Andrews, M., A evolução do Programa de Cupom Alimentação e a mensuração da fome dos Estados Unidos (2002) Combate À Fome E À Pobreza Rural, pp. 33-65. , In: Takagi M, Graziano de Silva J, Belik W, organizadores, São Paulo: Instituto CidadaniaKendall, A., Olson, C.M., Frongillo, E.A., Kepple, A., (1994) Validation of the Radimer/Cornell Measures of Hunger and Food Insecurity Measures: Final Project Report, , Ithaca, NY, USA: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell UniversityKendall, A., Olson, C.M., Frongillo, E.A., Validation of the Radimer/Cornell measures of hunger and food insecurity (1995) J Nutr, 125, pp. 2793-2801Frongillo, E.A., Rauschenbach, B.S., Olson, C.M., Kendall, A., Colmenares, A.G., Questionnaire-based measures are valid for the identification of households with hunger and food insecurity (1997) J Nutr, 127, p. 7. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Feb 5], Available fromPrice, C., Hamilton, W.L., Cook, J.T., (1997) Household Food Security in the United States: Guide to Implementing the Core Food Security Module, , Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Consumer ServiceCarlson, S.J., Andrews, M.S., Bickel, G.W., Measuring food insecurity and hunger in the United States: Development of a national benchmark measure and prevalence estimates (1999) J Nutr, 129 (SUPPL. 2), p. 7. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Feb 5], Available fromBickel, G., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W., Cook, J., (2000) Guide to Measuring Household Food Security in the United States, Revised 2000, , http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fanrr11-1/fanrr11_1b.pdf, Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, [cited 2007 Mar 15]. Available fromWolfe, W.S., Frongillo, E.A., Building household foodsecurity measurement tools from the ground up (2001) Food Nutr Bull, 22 (1), p. 8. , http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/unupress.htm, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2004 Oct 19], Available from(1995) Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project: A Survey of Childhood Hunger in the United States, , Food Research and Action Center (FRAC), Washington, DC: Food Research and Action CenterFrongillo, E.A., Validation of measures of food insecurity and hunger (1999) J Nutr, 129 (SUPPL. 2), p. 4. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2005 Oct 18], Available from(2006) Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure, , http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11578.html, National Research Council, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, [cited 2007 Feb 23]. Available fromSegall-Corrêa, A.M., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Sampaio, M.F.A., Marin-León, L., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., (2004) Acompanhamento E Avaliação Da Segurança Alimentar De Famílias Brasileiras: Validação De Metodologia E De Instrumento De Coleta De Informação: Urbano/rural, , http://www.opas.org.br/sistema/arquivos/vru_unic.pdf, Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, [acessado 2005 abr 26]. Disponível emPérez-Escamilla, R., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Kurdian Maranha, L., Sampaio, M.F.A., Marin-Leon, L., Panigassi, G., An adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture Food Insecurity module is a valid tool for assessing household food insecurity in Campinas, Brazil (2004) J Nutr, 134 (8), p. 5. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Nov 12], Available fromPanigassi, G., (2005) Inquérito Populacional Sobre a Percepção Da Segurança Alimentar Intrafamiliar No Município De Campinas, SP [tese], , Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasLeão, M., (2005) Fome E Insegurança Alimentar No Distrito Federal [dissertação], , Brasília: Universidade de Brasília(2006) Pesquisa Nacional Por Amostra De Domicílios - Segurança Alimentar, , http://www.planalto.gov.br/consea/static/documentos/Eventos/IIIConferencia/PNADSegurancaAlimentar2004%20VERS%C3O%20FINAL.pdf, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisa, Coordenação de Trabalho e Renda, Disponível emCoates, J., Frongillo, E.A., Rogers, B.L., Webb, P., Wilde, P.E., Houser, R., Commonalities in the experience of household food insecurity across cultures: What are measures missing? (2006) J Nutr, 136 (SUPPL.), p. 11. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Oct 21], Available fromMelgar-Quinonez, H.R., Zubieta, A.C., Mknelly, B., Nteziyaremye, A., Gerardo, M.R.D., Dunford, C., Household food insecurity and food expenditure in Bolívia, Burkina Faso, and the Phillippines (2006) J Nutr, 136 (SUPPL.), p. 7. , http://jn.nutrition.org, [serial on the Internet], [cited 2006 Oct 21], Available fromSampaio, M.F.A., Kepple, A.W., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Oliveira, J.T.A., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., Marin-Leon, L., Perez-Escamilla, R., (In)segurança alimentar: Experiência de grupos focais com populações rurais do estado de São Paulo (2006) Segurança Alimentar E Nutricional, 13 (1), p. 14. , www.unicamp.br/nepa/arquivo_san/inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, [periódico na Internet], [acessado 2007 abr 6], Disponível emHarpham, T., Reichenheim, M., Oser, R., Thomas, E., Hamid, N., Jaswal, S., Ludermir, A., Aidoo, M., Measuring mental health in a cost-effective manner (2003) Health Policy Plan, 18 (3), pp. 344-349Saunders, B.J., Aasland, O.G., Babor, T.F., de la Fuente, J.R., Grant, M., Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption - II (1993) Addiction, 88, pp. 791-804(2002) Projeto Fome Zero: Report of the Joint FAO/IDB/ WB/Transition Team Working Group, , http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac829e/ac829e00.htm, Food and Agriculture Organization/Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo/World Bank (FAO/BID/WB), Brasília: FAO/ BID/WB, [cited 2004 Apr 1]. 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Household Appliances And Food Insecurity: Gender, Referred Skin Color And Socioeconomic Differences [bens De Consumo E Insegurança Alimentar: Diferenças De Gênero, Cor De Pele Autorreferida E Condição Socioeconomic]

Objective: Data from the National Household Survey 2004 was analyzed to compare differences in prevalence among moderate or severe food insecurity. Also, it was compared food security or mild food insecurity households in relation to the assets and other socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the household. Method: Private permanent households, with per capita monthly income of up to one minimum wage and with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale answered by a household resident were studied (n=51,357). Association of variables with the dependent variable (food security) was verified using χ2 test, with 5% significance level. Crude prevalence ratio, respective 95% confidence interval and adjusted analyses were carried out using Poisson multiple regression Stata 8.0. It considers the weights of the complex sampling design of the survey. Results: The per capita monthly household income was the variable with strongest association to food security. Both in urban and rural areas, there were higher risk of moderate or severe food insecurity prevalence ratio when the head of the household was a female, black color, presence of six or more members in the household, metropolitan area and with absence of some specific assets (stove, water filter, refrigerator, freezer, washing machine and cellular phone). In a model that, among assets, included just the refrigerator, it was observed the highest prevalence ratio for household income of up to 1/4 of a minimum wage and after this, the absence of refrigerator among households headed by white and black males and white or black female. Although female and black headed households have greater food restriction, internal differences among these groups were higher for households headed by white males and lower for those headed by black females. Conclusion: At national level and households with monthly income of up to one minimum age, poor socioeconomic conditions are associated to household food insecurity. This situation is worse among those headed by women and black people. Among poor people, the absence of assets identifies the most vulnerable population to food insecurity and may be used as complementary indicator, mainly in local studies with poor technical resources for data collection and more sophisticated analyzes.143398410(2006) PNAD 2004: Suplemento De Segurança Alimentar, , Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, Rio de Janeiro: IBGEPérez-Escamilla, R., Segall-Correa, A.M., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, M.F., Marín-León, L., Panigassi, G., An adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture Food Insecure Module is a valid tool for assessing food insecurity in Campinas, Brasil (2004) J Nutr, 134, pp. 1923-1928Bickel, G.W., Nord, M., Hamilton, W., Cook, J., (2000) Guide to Measuring Household Food Security in the United States, p. 2000. , Revised, Washington, DC: USDA Economic Research ServiceRadimer, K.L., Olson, C.M., Campbell, C.C., Development of indicators to assess hunger (1990) J Nutr, 120, pp. 1544-1548Wehler, C., (1987) Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project: New Haven Risk Factor Study, , Connecticut Association for Human Services, Hartford, CTCampbell, C., Food Insecurity: A nutritional outcome or a predictor variable? (1991) J Nutr, 121, pp. 408-415(2006) Presidência Da República Casa Civil Subchefia Para Assuntos Jurídicos Lei N o 11.346, , https://www.planalto.gov.br/Consea/3Conferencia/Static/Documentos/LOSAN% 2520FINAL.pdf, Brasil, de 15 de Setembro de, internet, citado 4 set 2010] Disponível emDachs, J.N., Santos, W., Rocha, A.P., Auto-avaliação do estado de saúde no Brasil: Análise dos dados da PNAD/2003 (2006) Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, 11, pp. 887-894Salles-Costa, R., Pereira, R.A., Vasconcellos, M.T.L., Veiga, G.V., Marins, V.M.R., Jardim, B.C., Associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e insegurança alimentar: Estudo de base populacional na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2008) Rev Nutr, 21 (SUPPL.), pp. 99s-109s(2007) Critério Padrão De Classificação Econômica Brasil 2008, , www.abep.org/codigosguias/Criterio_Brasil_2008.pdf, Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisas (ABEP), internet, Junho, citado 12 fev 2009, Disponível emTorres, H.G., Bichir, R.M., Carpim, T.P., Uma pobreza diferente? Mudanças no padrão de consumo da população de baixa renda (2006) Novos Estudos Cebrap, 74, pp. 17-22Rocha, A., Silva, J.F., (2008) Inclusão Social E Marketing Na Base Da Pirâmide: Uma Agenda De Pesquisa, 7 (2). , http://www16.fgv.br/rae/eletronica/index.cfm?FuseAction=Artigo&ID=53 67&Secao=ARTIGOS&Volume=7&Numero=2&Ano=2008, RAE-eletrônica. [revista eletrônica], [citado 14 set 2009, Disponível emHackett, M., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Gender of respondent does not affect the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Household Food Security Scale (2008) Int J Epidemiol, 37, pp. 766-774Barros, A.J., Hirakata, V.N., Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: An empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio (2003) BMC Med Res Methodol, 3, p. 21Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Marin-Leon, L., Sampaio, M.F.A., Panigassi, G., Pérez-Escamilla, R., (2007) Insegurança Alimentar No Brasil: Do Desenvolvimento Do Instrumento De Medida Aos Primeiros Resultados Nacionais, 1, pp. 385-407. , Brasil. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Org). Avaliação de políticas e programas do MDS: resultados, Segurança alimentar e nutricional. Brasília DF: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à FomeSegall-Corrêa, A.M., Marin-Leon, L., Helito, H., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Santos, L.M.P., Paes-Sousa, R., Transferência de renda e segurança alimentar no Brasil: Análise dos dados nacionais (2008) Rev Nutr, 21 (SUPPL.), pp. 39s-51s(2010) Pesquisa De Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009: Despesas, Rendimentos E Condições De Vida, , IBGE. Coordenação de Trabalho e RendimentoMarín-León, L., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, M.F.A., Pérez-Escamilla, R.A., Percepção de insegurança alimentar em famílias com idosos em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21, pp. 1433-1440Pinheiro, L., Fontoura, N., Prata, A.C., Soares, V., (2006) Retrato Das Desigualdades [internet], , http://www.ipea.gov.br/sites/000/2/pdf/retrato_segundaedicao.pdf, Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) e Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher (UNIFEM), [citado 10 jul 2009], Disponível emSchwartzman, S., (2006) Redução Da Desigualdade, Da Pobreza, E Os Programas De Transferência De Renda, , http://www.desenvolvimentosocial.sp.gov.br/usr/File/2006/imprensa/Simon% 20Schwartzman_2006.pdf, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Estudos do Trabalho e Sociedade (IETS)[internet], Fev, citado 4 set, Disponível emPanigassi, G., Segall-Corrêa, A.M., Marín-León, L., Perez-Escamilla, R., Sampaio, M.F., Maranha, L.K., Insegurança alimentar como indicador de iniqüidade: Análise de inquérito populacional (2008) Cad Saúde Pública, 24, pp. 2376-2384Panigassi, G., Segall-Corra, A.M., Marín-León, L., Perez-Escamilla, R., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, M.F., Insegurança alimentar intrafamiliar e perfil de consumo de alimentos (2008) Rev Nutr, 21 (SUPPL.), pp. 135s-144

Food Security In Teréna Indigenous Families, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil [segurança Alimentar Em Famílias Indígenas Teréna, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brasil]

This study aims to describe the food security situation among Teréna families in the villages of Água Azul, Olho D'Água, and Oliveiras in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was adapted to 15 questions that reflect food insecurity at different levels of intensity. A survey was conducted in the villages with 49 families that had under-five children. Information was obtained on income, family size, maternal education, and children's food intake. 75.5% of families showed some level of food insecurity (22.4% low, 32.7% moderate, and 20.4% high). A large percentage (67.3%) of the families live with fear of lack of food. One-fourth of women had experienced hunger during the month prior to the survey, and 14.3% (7) reported the same condition for children in the household. More serious food insecurity was observed in families with lower per capita income and lower maternal education, more family members, and more children per family group in which the children's diet was insufficient, especially in protein and iron.234785793Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar. Princípios e diretrizes de uma política de segurança alimentar. Brasília: Editora Positiva2004Organização das Nações Unidas. Declaração universal dos direitos humanos. http://www.unhchr.ch/ udhr/lang/por.htm (acessado em 13/Ago/2005)Valente, F.L.S., Fome, desnutrição e cidadania: Inclusão social e direitos humanos (2003) Saúde Soc, 12, pp. 51-60Monteiro, C.A., A dimensão da pobreza, da desnutrição e da fome no Brasil (2003) Estud Av, 48, pp. 7-20Segall-Corrêa AM, Pérez-Escamilla R, Maranha LK, Sampaio MFA, Yuyana L, Alencar F, et al. Projeto: acompanhamento e avaliaçã o da segurança alimentar em famílias brasileiras: validação de metodologia e de instrumento de coleta de informação. Campinas: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Ministério da Saúde2003. (Relatório Técnico)Bickel, G., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W., Cook, J., Measuring food security in the United States: Guide to measuring household food security (2000) Alexandria: Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation, , U.S. Department of Agriculture;Radimer, K.L., Olson, C.M., Greene, J.C., Campbell, C.C., Habicht, J.P., Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in women and children (1992) J Nutr Educ, 24 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 36-44Pérez-Escamilla R, Segall-Corrêa AM, Maranha LK, Sampaio MFA, Marín-León L, Panigassi G. An adapted version of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Food Insecurity Module is a valid tool for assessing household food insecurity in Campinas, Brazil. J Nutr 2004134:1923-8Kendall, A., Olson, C.M., Frongillo Jr., E.A., Validation of the Radimer/Cornell measures of hunger and food insecurity (1995) J Nutr, 25, pp. 2793-2801Frongillo Jr., E.A., Validation of measures of food insecurity and hunger (1999) J Nutr, 129 (25 SUPPL.), pp. 506S-509SHarrison, G.G., Storner, A., Herman, D., Winham, D.M., Development of Spanish-language version of the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (2003) J Nutr, 133, pp. 1192-1197Lorenzana, P.A., Sanjur, D., Abbreviated measures of food sufficiency validly estimative the food security level of poor households: Measuring household food security (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. 687-692Albert, P.L., Sanjur, D., The adaptation and validation of the food security scale in a community of Caracas, Venezuela (2000) Arch Latinoam Nutr, 50, pp. 334-340Alvarado, B.E., Zunzunegui, M.V., Delisle, H., Validation of food security and social support scales in an Afro-Colombian community: Application on a prevalence study of nutritional status in children aged 6 to 18 months (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21, pp. 724-736Escobar, A.L., Santos, R.V., Coimbra Jr., C.E.A., Avaliação nutricional de crianças indígenas Pakaanóva (Warí), Rondônia, Brasil (2003) Rev Bras Saúde Matern Infant, 3, pp. 457-461Pícoli, R.P., Carandina, L., Ribas, D.L.B., Saúde maternoinfantil e nutrição de crianças Kaiowá e Guaraní, Área Indígena de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (2006) Cad Saúde Pública, 22, pp. 223-227Coimbra Jr., C.E.A., Santos, R.V., Avaliação do estado nutricional num contexto de mudança sócio-econômica: O grupo indígena Suruí do estado de Rondônia, Brasil (1991) Cad Saúde Pública, 7, pp. 538-562Ribas DLB, Philippi ST. Aspectos alimentares e nutricionais de mães e crianças indígenas Teréna, Mato Grosso do Sul. In: Coimbra Jr. CEA, Santos RV, Escobar AL, organizadores. Epidemiologia e saúde dos povos indígenas no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz/ABRASCO2003. p. 73-88Ribas, D.L.B., Sganzerla, A., Zorzatto, J.R., Philippi, S.T., Nutrição e saúde infantil em uma comunidade indígena Teréna, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (2001) Cad Saúde Pública, 17, pp. 323-344(2000) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC: National Academy Press;(2001) Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, cooper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium an zinc, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC: National Academy Press;(2002) Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein ad amino acids (macronutrients), , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC: National Academy Press;(1997) Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride, , Institute of Medicine, Washington DC: National Academy Press;(1989) Recommended dietary allowances, , National Research Council, 10 th Ed. Washington DC: National Academy Press;Melgar-Quinonez, H., Kaiser, L., Martin, A., Metz, D., Olivares, A., Food insecurity among Latinos in California: A focal groups study (2003) Salud Pública Méx, 45, pp. 198-205Marín-León, L., Segal-Corrêa, A.M., Panigassi, G., Maranha, L.K., Sampaio, A.F.A., Pérez-Escamilla, R., A percepção de insegurança alimentar em famílias com idosos de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2005) Cad Saúde Pública, 21, pp. 1433-1440Pérez-Escamilla, R., Ferris, A.N., Drake, L., Haldeman, L., Peranick, J., Campbell, M., Food stamps are associated with food security and dietary intake of inner-city preschoolers from Hartford, Connecticut (2000) J Nutr, 130, pp. 27-11

Violence Against Pregnant Women: Prevalence And Associated Factors [violência Doméstica Na Gravidez: Prevalência E Fatores Associados]

Objective: To identify the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 1,379 pregnant women undergoing antenatal care in basic health care units of the Brazilian Health System, within the municipality of Campinas (Southeastern Brazil). A structured questionnaire on domestic violence, validated in Brazil, was applied between July 2004 and July 2006. The fi rst and second interviews in a cohort study were analyzed. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis of the data were conducted. Results: Psychological violence was reported by 19.1% (n=263) of the total sample of pregnant women and physical/sexual violence was reported by 6.5% (n=89) of them. The factors associated to psychological violence were: adolescent intimate partner (p<0.019) and the pregnant woman had witnessed physical aggression before she was 15 years old (p<0.001). The factors associated to physical/sexual violence were: difficulties encountered by the pregnant woman in attending her antenatal appointments (p<0.014), intimate partner uses drugs (p<0.015) and does not work (p<0.048). The factors associated to psychological and physical/sexual violence were: low level of education of the interviewee (p<0.013 and p<0.020, respectively), the pregnant woman being responsible for the family (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively) pregnant woman had suffered physical aggression during childhood (p<0.029 and p<0.038, respectively), presence of common mental disorder (p<0.001) and intimate partner consumes alcoholic beverage twice or more weekly. (p<0.001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of different categories of domestic violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was found as well as different factors associated with them. Appropriate mechanisms are necessary, particularly in primary health care, to identify and deal with domestic violence during pregnancy.425877885Audi CAF, Corre̊a AMS, Turato E, Santiago SM, Andrade MGG Rodrigues MSP. Percepção da violência doméstica por mulheres gestantes e não gestantes da cidade de Campinas-SP. Rev Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2007[citado 2007 dez 12]. Disponível em http://www.abrasco.org.br/cienciaesaudecoletiva/ artigos/artigo_int.php?id_artigo=1092Coker, A.L., Sanderson, M., Dong, B., Partner violence during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18 (4), pp. 260-269Durand, J.G., Schraiber, L.B., Violência na gestação entre usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Grande São Paulo: Prevalẽncia e fatores associados. (2007) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 10 (3), pp. 310-322. , DOI: 10.1590/ S1415-790X2007000300003Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H.A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., Watts, C.H., WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team. Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence (2006) Lancet, 368 (9543), pp. 1260-1269Gazmararian, J.A., Lazorick, S., Spitz, A.M., Ballard, T.J., Saltzman, L.E., Marks, J.S., Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women (1996) JAMA, 275 (24), pp. 1915-1920Heise, L., Violência e gênero: Uma epidemia global. (1994) Cad Saude Publica, 10 (SUPL 1), pp. 135-145. , DOI: 10.1590/ S0102-311X1994000500009Hedin, L.W., Janson, P.O., Domestic violence during pregnancy. The prevalence of physical injuries, substance use, abortions and miscarriages (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79 (8), pp. 625-630Jasinsk, J.L., Pregnancy and domestic violence: A review of the literature (2004) Trauma Violence Abuse, 51 (1), pp. 47-64Mari, J.J., Willians, P., A Validity Study of a Psychiatric Screening Questionnaire (SQR-20) in Primary Care in the city of São Paulo (1986) Br J Psychiatry, 148, pp. 23-26Martín, F.M., La Violencia en la pareja. (1999) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 5 (4-5), pp. 245-257. , DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49891999000400008Menezes, C.T., Amorim, M.M.R., Santos, L.C., Faúndes, A., Violência Física Doméstica e Gestaçãao de um Inquérito no Puerpério. (2003) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 25 (5), pp. 309-316Moraes, C.L., Reichenheim, M.E., Domestic violence during pregnancy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 79 (3), pp. 269-277Nasir, K., Hyder, A.A., Violence against pregnant women in developing countries: Review of evidence (2003) Eur J Public Health, 13 (2), pp. 105-107(2002) Relatório Munidal sobre violência e saúde, , Organização Mundial da Saúde, Genebra;Saunders, J.B., Aasland, O.G., Babor, T.F., de la Fuente, J.R., Grant, M., Development of the alcohol use disorders identifi cation test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption - II (1993) Addiction, 88 (6), pp. 791-804Sugg, N.K., Inui, T., Primary care physicians' response to domestic violence Opening Pandora's Box (1992) JAMA, 267 (23), pp. 3157-3160Schraiber LB, D'Oliveira AFPL, Couto MT. Violência e saúde: estudos cientifi cos recentes. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(Spec N):112-20. DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102006000400016Watts, C., Zimmerman, C., Violence against women: Global scope and magnitude (2002) Lancet, 359 (9313), pp. 1232-123