9 research outputs found
Hamiltonian structure of Hamiltonian chaos
From a kinematical point of view, the geometrical information of hamiltonian
chaos is given by the (un)stable directions, while the dynamical information is
given by the Lyapunov exponents. The finite time Lyapunov exponents are of
particular importance in physics. The spatial variations of the finite time
Lyapunov exponent and its associated (un)stable direction are related. Both of
them are found to be determined by a new hamiltonian of same number of degrees
of freedom as the original one. This new hamiltonian defines a flow field with
characteristically chaotic trajectories. The direction and the magnitude of the
phase flow field give the (un)stable direction and the finite time Lyapunov
exponent of the original hamiltonian. Our analysis was based on a
degree of freedom hamiltonian system
Action-gradient-minimizing pseudo-orbits and almost-invariant tori
Transport in near-integrable, but partially chaotic,
degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems is blocked by invariant tori and is
reduced at \emph{almost}-invariant tori, both associated with the invariant
tori of a neighboring integrable system. "Almost invariant" tori with rational
rotation number can be defined using continuous families of periodic
\emph{pseudo-orbits} to foliate the surfaces, while irrational-rotation-number
tori can be defined by nesting with sequences of such rational tori. Three
definitions of "pseudo-orbit," \emph{action-gradient--minimizing} (AGMin),
\emph{quadratic-flux-minimizing} (QFMin) and \emph{ghost} orbits, based on
variants of Hamilton's Principle, use different strategies to extremize the
action as closely as possible. Equivalent Lagrangian (configuration-space
action) and Hamiltonian (phase-space action) formulations, and a new approach
to visualizing action-minimizing and minimax orbits based on AGMin
pseudo-orbits, are presented.Comment: Accepted for publication in a special issue of Communications in
Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation (CNSNS) entitled "The mathematical
structure of fluids and plasmas : a volume dedicated to the 60th birthday of
Phil Morrison