Nucleolar Organizer Region (nors) In Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia And Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Oral Mucosa.

Counts of nucleolar regions (NORs) demonstrated by a silver staining technique in paraffin sections, have been used to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. AgNORs were studied in 24 biopsies from oral cavity (5 cases of normal oral mucosa, 5 of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and 14 of squamous cell carcinoma, subdivided according to degree of differentiation: 5 grade 1, 5 grade 2 and 4 grade 3) to find whether they were helpful in distinguishing pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia due to chronic parasitic infections from squamous cell carcinoma. Two methods of counting AgNORs were used: (A) a simpler one which counts nucleolar clusters (AgNU) and satellite AgNORs and the other (B) counting all individual AgNORs, including those within AgNUs. In both methods the lowest mean values were observed for grade 3 carcinoma, while the highest belonged to grade 2 carcinoma. The simpler method (A) was the most useful because AgNU counts showed significant difference when pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia was compared with grade 1 and 2 carcinomas, which are the most difficult to discriminate from it. However the overlapping of values render the technique of limited use in individual cases.113169369

ICAM-1 expression on immune cells in chronic villitis

AbstractIntroductionICAM-1 expression on the villous syncytiotrophoblast (ST) is believed to participate in migration of maternal cells into the inflamed villi regardless of villitis etiology. However, its expression on immune cells in chronic villitis (CV) has yet to be analyzed. ICAM-1 induces cell–cell adhesion allowing intercellular communication, T cell-mediated defense mechanism, and inflammatory response.Material and methods21 cases of CV (all without an identifiable etiologic agent) and 3 control placentas were analyzed using ICAM-1, and for immune cells CD45, CD3 and CD68. These cells were subdivided according to their location in inflamed villi: a) within the inflamed villi and b) outside forming perivillous aggregates.ResultsLarge amounts of CD45, CD3 and CD68 were found within the inflamed villi and forming perivillous aggregates attached to areas of trophoblastic loss. Inflamed villi usually showed ICAM-1+ ST. The majority of immune cells surrounding areas of trophoblastic rupture presented marked expression of ICAM-1. In contrast, a small number of immune cells within the inflamed villi exhibited ICAM-1 expression. Only some (<5%) inflamed villi without trophoblastic rupture and with ICAM-1+ ST presented adherence of immune cells.DiscussionIn inflamed villi of chronic villitis, the level of ICAM-1 expression on immune cells depends on their location: high in number of cells in the perivillous region and low within the villi. The strongest expression of ICAM-1 on immune cells attached to areas of trophoblastic rupture suggests that the loss of trophoblast can lead to an amplification of the inflammatory response

Letter To The Editor

[No abstract available]1318990Brosens, Morphological changes in the utero-placental bed in pregnancy hypertension (1977) Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, p. 573. , E.M. Symonds, W. B. Saunders, LondonKnox, Fox, Villitis of unknown aetiology: its incidence and significance in placentae from a British population (1984) Placenta, 5, pp. 395-402Labarrere, Althabe, Telenta, Chronic villitis of unknown aetiology in placentae of idiopathic small for gestational age infants (1982) Placenta, 3, pp. 309-318Labarrere, Althabe, Caletti, Muscolo, Deficiency of blocking factors in intrauterine growth retardation and its relationship with chronic villitis (1986) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology, 10, pp. 14-1

Immunohistochemical Study Of The Inflammatory Infiltrate In Villitis Of Unknown Etiology. A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis

Villitis is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate within the substance of the chorionic villi. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the mononuclear infiltrate in areas of villitis were performed in placentas with villitis of unknown etiology (VUE). We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase technique in paraffin sections from 17 placentas with VUE and 8 without VUE. Macrophages followed by T lymphocytes were the predominant inflammatory cells in areas of villitis in virtually all cases. B lymphocytes were not observed and monocytes were present usually in small number in 58 per cent of the cases. Mononuclear cells which expressed HLA-DR antigens were found in 75 per cent of the cases. In areas of villitis with trophoblastic necrosis, we found monocytes and some T lymphocytes adhered to them. These cells apparently had migrated from the maternal circulation. We suggest that in areas of villitis with destruction of the trophoblast and its basal membrane the inflammatory infiltrate might have a mixture of fetal and maternal cells. The maternal monocytes and T lymphocytes might be attracted to these sites of trophoblastic necrosis and activated due to exposure to fetal MHC antigens of the villous stroma.188330330

Hemorrhagic Endovasculitis Of The Placenta. A Clinical-pathological Study In Brazil

Hemorrhagic endovasculitis (HEV) of the placenta involves damage to or destruction of chorionic vessels and fetal erythrocytes. We evaluated the frequency and extension of the HEV and clinical events and morphologic changes associated with it in placentas from liveborn and stillborn infants. Two hundred sixty four placentas were examined: 214 from livebirths and 50 from stillbirths. The livebirths were subdivided according to the time of intrauterine retention (IUR). HEV occurred in 8.8% of placentas from livebirths and in 32% from stillbirths. In the livebirths the lesion affected small number of villi, was frequently associated with villitis (73.6% of the cases), but there was no significant association with maternal disease or birth weight. In the stillbirths, HEV was strongly associated with the time of IUR. In stillbirths with 1 day of IUR, HEV occurred in frequency similar to the livebirths (9.5%), but in stillbirths with 2-7 days of IUR the frequency was high (71.4%) and numerous vessels were involved. In those over 7 days the lesion was less extensive and frequent (20%) and it had the appearance of end stage of organization. We conclude that HEV, in livebirths and fresh stillbirths is frequently a small lesion of little significance, while in macerated stillbirths it is an artifact of maceration.23535936

Placental Involvement In Paracoccidioidomycosis

A case of juvenile-type paracoccidioidomycosis in a pregnant woman is reported. The disease pre-dated pregnancy and antifungal treatment was being administered when she became pregnant. A premature male infant was delivered with no evidence of infection. Microscopic examination of the placenta showed numerous Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms in the intervillous space, enmeshed in a macrophagic-phagocytic reaction, with damage of the trophoblastic layer. Placental transfer of specific P. brasiliensis antibodies was demonstrated. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.31324925

Malignant Mesothelioma Of The Pleura With Etiological Association To Asbestos: Report Of 3 Clinical Cases [mesotelioma Maligno De Pleura Com Associação Etiológica A Asbesto: A Propósito De Três Casos Clínicos.]

Diffuse Malign Mesotheliomas (DMM) has a low background prevalence. High incidences of this tumor have been related to asbestos exposure in the past. PURPOSE: To describe and discuss three clinical cases treated in our hospital, in which precise histopathologic diagnosis was made, and detailed occupational and environmental histories were taken, trying to identify in their past some kind of asbestos exposure. METHODS: Three cases of DMM are described. Diagnosis was confirmed by histochemical analysis and electronmicroscopy. Detailed occupational and environmental histories were taken from subjects and their families, searching for past contact with asbestos. RESULTS: The cases were diagnosed in a short period of time (two years), in a region of the country where many asbestos cement plants are located since the mid sixties. Skillful histological procedures were used. From these cases we found out that one had a twelve months period of exposure, 24 years before, in one of those plants. Another patient had an exposure for three years, as a bystander, in the same plant (also 24 years before) and a third patient was contaminated by asbestos brought home by his father in the 1950s (latency period of 30 years). All cases were histochemically studied and diagnosis confirmed by the presence of microvilli at electronmicroscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: These three cases seem to confirm the existence of the epidemiologic association with asbestos exposure in our country. Definition of diagnosis criteria, centralization of cases registry and the necessity of more attention to this kind of asbestos related disease are discussed and stressed, as many new cases like those described are thought to occur in the near future, as the latency period of the disease seems to match with that of industrial asbestos manipulation in Brazil.43326527

Experimental Model Of Smoking And Simulation Of Reflux With Acid And Pepsin In Rats.

To develop experimental models to evaluate the effects of hydrochloric acid associated with the pepsin instilled in the mucosa of the upper esophagus and the esophagogastric junction of young male rats Wistar, simulating injury caused by gastroesophageal reflux on the mucosa of aero-digestive tract in humans as well as the action of the risk exposure of mucosa to cigarette smoke. Fifty young male Wistar rats divided in 5 groups with 10 animals each one, respectively simulating pharyngo-laryngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux, pharyngo-laryngeal reflux and smoking, smoking only, gastroesophageal reflux and control group. The histopathologic studies no recorded neoplasias, only mild changes and no significant alterations. The hemo-oximetry (carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobim) and CO2 concentration confirm that the animals were submitted to high intensity of exposure to carcinogens in tobacco and its derivatives. The experimental models were highly efficient, practical, easy to use and economical and can be employed in other similar studies to determine the harmful effects by smoking and reflux.271182

Experimental Model Of Smoking And Simulation Of Reflux With Acid And Pepsin In Rats [modelo Experimental De Tabagismo E Simulação De Refluxo Com ácido E Pepsina Em Ratos]

PURPOSE: To develop experimental models to evaluate the effects of hydrochloric acid associated with the pepsin instilled in the mucosa of the upper esophagus and the sophagogastric junction of young male rats Wistar, simulating injury caused by astroesophageal reflux on the mucosa of aero-digestive tract in humans as well as the action of the risk exposure of mucosa to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Fifty young male Wistar rats divided in 5 groups with 10 animals each one, respectively simulating pharyngo-laryngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux, pharyngo-laryngeal reflux and smoking, smoking only, astroesophageal reflux and control group. RESULTS: The histopathologic studies no recorded neoplasias, only mild changes and no significant alterations. The hemo-oximetry (carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobim) and CO2 concentration confirm that the animals were submitted to high intensity of exposure to carcinogens in tobacco and its derivatives. 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