The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a second generation water Cherenkov detector designed to determine whether the currently observed solar neutrino deficit is a result of neutrino oscillations. The detector is unique in its use of D2O as a detection medium, permitting it to make a solar model-independent test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis by comparison of the charged- and neutral-current interaction rates. In this paper the physical properties, construction, and preliminary operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are described. Data and predicted operating parameters are provided whenever possible.Comment: 58 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth. Uses elsart and epsf style files. For additional information about SNO see http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca . This version has some new reference

The mouse <em>Engrailed-1</em> gene and ventral limb patterning.

During vertebrate limb development, positional information must be specified along three distinct axes. Although much progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular interactions involved in anterior-posterior and proximal-distal limb patterning, less is known about dorsal-ventral patterning. The genes Wnt-7a and Lmx-1, which are expressed in dorsal limb ectoderm and mesoderm, respectively, are thought to be important regulators of dorsal limb differentiation. Whether a complementary set of molecules controls ventral limb development has not been clear. Here we report that Engrailed-1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor expressed in embryonic ventral limb ectoderm, is essential for ventral limb patterning. Loss of Engrailed-1 function in mice results in dorsal transformations of ventral paw structures, and in subtle alterations along the proximal-distal limb axis. Engrailed-1 seems to act in part by repressing dorsal differentiation induced by Wnt-7a, and is essential for proper formation of the apical ectodermal ridge

Application of a base-induced [1,2]-rearrangement to synthesize thiophosphonate bidentate S(sp2)–N monoanionic ligand: Characterization of its silver and palladium complexes

The O,O-diethyl thiophosphonate functional group has been introduced on position 2 of a pyrrole heterocycle following a two steps sequence that makes use of a [1,2] base-induced rearrangement applied for the first time to a O,O-diethyl thiophosphoramide intermediate. This rearrangement has been studied by low temperature NMR and the intermediates have been fully characterized. The coordination of this monoanionic bidentate (N,Ssp2) ligand to silver or palladium is studied The bidentate ligand 2 (O,O-diethyl pyrrol-2-ylthiophosphonate), associated with a palladium precursor, produces in the presence of triethylamine the complex trans-[Pd(η2-2′)2] 3 (2′ is deprotonated ligand 2). Ligand 2 also reacts with silver oxide in dichloromethane to give an unstable complex 2′-Ag that can be stabilized by addition of triphenylphosphine to produce the coordination complex 4 [Ag((η2-2′)(PPh3)2]

Molecular phenotyping of laboratory mouse strains using 500 multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry plasma assays

Proteomic

Application of a base-induced [1,2]-rearrangement to synthesize thiophosphonate bidentate S(sp2)–N monoanionic ligand: Characterization of its silver and palladium complexes

The O,O-diethyl thiophosphonate functional group has been introduced on position 2 of a pyrrole heterocycle following a two steps sequence that makes use of a [1,2] base-induced rearrangement applied for the first time to a O,O-diethyl thiophosphoramide intermediate. This rearrangement has been studied by low temperature NMR and the intermediates have been fully characterized. The coordination of this monoanionic bidentate (N,Ssp2) ligand to silver or palladium is studied The bidentate ligand 2 (O,O-diethyl pyrrol-2-ylthiophosphonate), associated with a palladium precursor, produces in the presence of triethylamine the complex trans-[Pd(η2-2′)2] 3 (2′ is deprotonated ligand 2). Ligand 2 also reacts with silver oxide in dichloromethane to give an unstable complex 2′-Ag that can be stabilized by addition of triphenylphosphine to produce the coordination complex 4 [Ag((η2-2′)(PPh3)2]

Anti-disialosyl-immunoglobulin M chronic autoimmune neuropathies: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study.

In this retrospective study involving 14 university hospitals from France and Switzerland, the aim was to define the clinicopathological features of chronic neuropathies with anti-disialosyl ganglioside immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies (CNDA). Fifty-five patients with a polyneuropathy evolving for more than 2 months and with at least one anti-disialosyl ganglioside IgM antibody, that is, anti-GD1b, -GT1b, -GQ1b, -GT1a, -GD2 and -GD3, were identified. Seventy-eight percent of patients were male, mean age at disease onset was 55 years (30-76) and disease onset was progressive (82%) or acute (18%). Patients presented with limb sensory symptoms (94% of cases), sensory ataxia (85%), oculomotor weakness (36%), limb motor symptoms (31%) and bulbar muscle weakness (18%). Sixty-five percent of patients had a demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy electrodiagnostic profile and 24% a sensory neuronopathy profile. Anti-GD1b antibodies were found in 78% of cases, whilst other anti-disialosyl antibodies were each observed in less than 51% of patients. Other features included nerve biopsy demyelination (100% of cases), increased cerebrospinal fluid protein content (75%), IgM paraprotein (50%) and malignant hemopathy (8%). Eighty-six percent of CNDA patients were intravenous immunoglobulins-responsive, and rituximab was successfully used as second-line treatment in 50% of cases. Fifteen percent of patients had mild symptoms and were not treated. CNDA course was progressive (55%) or relapsing (45%), and 93% of patients still walked after a mean disease duration of 11 years. Chronic neuropathies with anti-disialosyl ganglioside IgM antibodies have a recognizable phenotype, are mostly intravenous immunoglobulins-responsive and present with a good outcome in a majority of cases