127 research outputs found
A formal soundness proof of region-based memory management for object-oriented paradigm.
Region-based memory management has been proposed as a viable alternative to garbage collection for real-time applications and embedded software. In our previous work we have developed a region type inference algorithm that provides an automatic compile-time region-based memory management for object-oriented paradigm. In this work we present a formal soundness proof of the region type system that is the target of our region inference. More precisely, we prove that the object-oriented programs accepted by our region type system achieve region-based memory management in a safe way. That means, the regions follow a stack-of-regions discipline and regions deallocation never create dangling references in the store and on the program stack. Our contribution is to provide a simple syntactic proof that is based on induction and follows the standard steps of a type safety proof. In contrast the previous safety proofs provided for other region type systems employ quite elaborate techniques
Coexistence of glassy antiferromagnetism and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in Fe/Cr multilayer structures
Using temperature-dependent magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements
on Fe/Cr multilayers that exhibit pronounced giant magnetoresistance (GMR), we
have found evidence for the presence of a glassy antiferromagnetic (GAF) phase.
This phase reflects the influence of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) at low
temperature (T < 140K) and is characterized by a field-independent glassy
transition temperature, Tg, together with irreversible behavior having
logarithmic time dependence below a "de Almeida and Thouless" (AT) critical
field line. At room temperature, where the GMR effect is still robust, IEC
plays only a minor role, and it is the random potential variations acting on
the magnetic domains that are responsible for the antiparallel interlayer
domain alignment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Spectral Inversion of Multi-Line Full-Disk Observations of Quiet Sun Magnetic Fields
Spectral inversion codes are powerful tools to analyze spectropolarimetric
observations, and they provide important diagnostics of solar magnetic fields.
Inversion codes differ by numerical procedures, approximations of the
atmospheric model, and description of radiative transfer. Stokes Inversion
based on Response functions (SIR) is an implementation widely used by the solar
physics community. It allows to work with different atmospheric components,
where gradients of different physical parameters are possible, e.g., magnetic
field strength and velocities. The spectropolarimetric full-disk observations
were carried out with the Stokesmeter of the Solar Telescope for Operative
Predictions (STOP) at the Sayan Observatory on 3 February 2009, when neither an
active region nor any other extended flux concentration was present on the Sun.
In this study of quiet Sun magnetic fields, we apply the SIR code
simultaneously to 15 spectral lines. A tendency is found that weaker magnetic
field strengths occur closer to the limb. We explain this finding by the fact
that close to the limb, we are more sensitive to higher altitudes in an
expanding flux tube, where the field strength should be smaller since the
magnetic flux is conserved with height. Typically, the inversions deliver two
populations of magnetic elements: (1) high magnetic field strengths (1500-2000
G) and high temperatures (5500-6500 K) and (2) weak magnetic fields (50-150 G)
and low temperatures (5000-5300 K).Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for Solar Physic
Higgs Boson Decay into Hadronic Jets
The remarkable agreement of electroweak data with standard model (SM)
predictions motivates the study of extensions of the SM in which the Higgs
boson is light and couples in a standard way to the weak gauge bosons.
Postulated new light particles should have small couplings to the gauge bosons.
Within this context it is natural to assume that the branching fractions of the
light SM-like Higgs boson mimic those in the standard model. This assumption
may be unwarranted, however, if there are non-standard light particles coupled
weakly to the gauge bosons but strongly to the Higgs field. In particular, the
Higgs boson may effectively decay into hadronic jets, possibly without
important bottom or charm flavor content. As an example, we present a simple
extension of the SM, in which the predominant decay of the Higgs boson occurs
into a pair of light bottom squarks that, in turn, manifest themselves as
hadronic jets. Discovery of the Higgs boson remains possible at an
electron-positron linear collider, but prospects at hadron colliders are
diminished substantially.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure
Sound and Complete Typing for lambda-mu
In this paper we define intersection and union type assignment for Parigot's
calculus lambda-mu. We show that this notion is complete (i.e. closed under
subject-expansion), and show also that it is sound (i.e. closed under
subject-reduction). This implies that this notion of intersection-union type
assignment is suitable to define a semantics.Comment: In Proceedings ITRS 2010, arXiv:1101.410
Sources of mycosporine-like amino acids in planktonic Chlorella-bearing ciliates (Ciliophora)
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a family of secondary metabolites known to protect organisms exposed to solar UV radiation. We tested their distribution among several planktonic ciliates bearing Chlorella isolated from an oligo-mesotrophic lake in Tyrol, Austria. In order to test the origin of these compounds, the MAAs were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography in both the ciliates and their symbiotic algae.Considering all Chlorella-bearing ciliates, we found: (i) seven different MAAs (mycosporine-glycine, palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, porphyra-334, usujirene, palythene); (ii) one to several MAAs per species and (iii) qualitative and quantitative seasonal changes in the MAAs (e.g. in Pelagodileptus trachelioides). In all species tested, concentrations of MAAs were always <1% of ciliate dry weight.Several MAAs were also identified in the Chlorella isolated from the ciliates, thus providing initial evidence for their symbiotic origin. In Uroleptus sp., however, we found evidence for a dietary source of MAAs.Our results suggest that accumulation of MAAs in Chlorella-bearing ciliates represents an additional benefit of this symbiosis and an adaptation for survival in sunlit, UV-exposed waters
Genome-wide association analyses identify 143 risk variants and putative regulatory mechanisms for type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very common disease in humans. Here we conduct a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with ~16 million genetic variants in 62,892 T2D cases and 596,424 controls of European ancestry. We identify 139 common and 4 rare variants associated with T2D, 42 of which (39 common and 3 rare variants) are independent of the known variants. Integration of the gene expression data from blood (n = 14,115 and 2765) with the GWAS results identifies 33 putative functional genes for T2D, 3 of which were targeted by approved drugs. A further integration of DNA methylation (n = 1980) and epigenomic annotation data highlight 3 genes (CAMK1D, TP53INP1, and ATP5G1) with plausible regulatory mechanisms, whereby a genetic variant exerts an effect on T2D through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our study uncovers additional loci, proposes putative genetic regulatory mechanisms for T2D, and provides evidence of purifying selection for T2D-associated variants
Capabilities for Uniqueness and Borrowing
An important application of unique object references is safe and efficient message passing in concurrent object-oriented programming. However, to prevent the ill effects of aliasing, practical systems often severely restrict the shape of messages passed by reference. Moreover, the problematic interplay between destructive reads--often used to implement unique references--and temporary aliasing through "borrowed" references is exacerbated in a concurrent setting, increasing the potential for unpredictable run-time errors. This paper introduces a new approach to uniqueness. The idea is to use capabilities for enforcing both at-most-once consumption of unique references, and a flexible notion of uniqueness. The main novelty of our approach is a model of uniqueness and borrowing based on simple, unstructured capabilities. The advantages are: first, it provides simple foundations for uniqueness and borrowing. Second, it can be formalized using a relatively simple type system, for which we provide a complete soundness proof. Third, it avoids common problems involving borrowing and destructive reads, since unique references subsume borrowed references. We have implemented our type system as an extension to Scala. Practical experience suggests that our system allows type checking real-world actor-based concurrent programs with only a small number of additional type annotations
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