Generation of defects and disorder from deeply quenching a liquid to form a solid

We show how deeply quenching a liquid to temperatures where it is linearly unstable and the crystal is the equilibrium phase often produces crystalline structures with defects and disorder. As the solid phase advances into the liquid phase, the modulations in the density distribution created behind the advancing solidification front do not necessarily have a wavelength that is the same as the equilibrium crystal lattice spacing. This is because in a deep enough quench the front propagation is governed by linear processes, but the crystal lattice spacing is determined by nonlinear terms. The wavelength mismatch can result in significant disorder behind the front that may or may not persist in the latter stage dynamics. We support these observations by presenting results from dynamical density functional theory calculations for simple one- and two-component two-dimensional systems of soft core particles.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figure

Probing Yukawa Unification with K and B Mixing

We consider corrections to the unification of down-quark and charged-lepton Yukawa couplings in supersymmetric GUTs, which links the large nu_tau-nu_mu mixing angle to b -> s transitions. These corrections generically occur in simple grand-unified models with small Higgs representations and affect s -> d and b -> d transitions via the mixing of the corresponding right-handed superpartners. On the basis of a specific SUSY-SO(10) model, we analyze the constraints from K-Kbar and B-Bbar mixing on the additional \tilde{d}_R-\tilde{s}_R rotation angle theta. We find that epsilon_K already sets a stringent bound on theta, theta^{max}=O(1 degree), indicating a very specific flavor structure of the correction operators. The impact of the large neutrino mixings on the unitarity triangle analysis is also briefly discussed, as well as their ability to account for the sizeable CP-violating phase observed recently in B_s -> psi phi decays.Comment: 19 pages. Discussion in Sec. 5.2 slightly extended; minor numerical modifications in Secs. 5.1 to 5.4, conclusions unchanged. Version to appear in JHE

Particle-Antiparticle Mixing, epsilon_K, Delta Gamma_q, A_SL^q, A_CP(B_d -> psi K_S), A_CP(B_s -> psi phi) and B -> X_{s,d} gamma in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity

We calculate a number of observables related to particle-antiparticle mixing in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). The resulting effective Hamiltonian for Delta F=2 transitions agrees with the one of Hubisz et al., but our phenomenological analysis goes far beyond the one of these authors. In particular, we point out that the presence of mirror fermions with new flavour and CP-violating interactions allows to remove the possible Standard Model (SM) discrepancy between the CP asymmetry S_{psi K_S} and large values of |V_ub| and to obtain for the mass difference Delta M_s < (Delta M_s)_SM as suggested by the recent result by the CDF collaboration. We also identify a scenario in which simultaneously significant enhancements of the CP asymmetries S_{phi psi} and A_SL^q relative to the SM are possible, while satisfying all existing constraints, in particular from the B -> X_s gamma decay and A_CP(B -> X_s gamma) that are presented in the LHT model here for the first time. In another scenario the second, non-SM, value for the angle gamma=-(109+-6) from tree level decays, although unlikely, can be made consistent with all existing data with the help of mirror fermions. We present a number of correlations between the observables in question and study the implications of our results for the mass spectrum and the weak mixing matrix of mirror fermions. In the most interesting scenarios, the latter one turns out to have a hierarchical structure that differs significantly from the CKM one.Comment: 51 pages, 20 figures, 1 table. Extended discussion of the phases in the new mixing matrix V_Hd, some references added or updated, conclusions unchanged. Final version published in JHE

Universal asymptotic behavior in flow equations of dissipative systems

Based on two dissipative models, universal asymptotic behavior of flow equations for Hamiltonians is found and discussed. Universal asymptotic behavior only depends on fundamental bath properties but not on initial system parameters, and the integro-differential equations possess an universal attractor. The asymptotic flow of the Hamiltonian can be characterized by a non-local differential equation which only depends on one parameter - independent of the dissipative system or truncation scheme. Since the fixed point Hamiltonian is trivial, the physical information is completely transferred to the transformation of the observables. This yields a more stable flow which is crucial for the numerical evaluation of correlation functions. Furthermore, the low energy behavior of correlation functions is determined analytically. The presented procedure can also be applied if relevant perturbations are present as is demonstrated by evaluating dynamical correlation functions for sub-Ohmic environments. It can further be generalized to other dissipative systems.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Electroweak and Flavour Structure of a Warped Extra Dimension with Custodial Protection

We present the electroweak and flavour structure of a model with a warped extra dimension and the bulk gauge group SU(3) x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x P_LR x U(1)_X. The presence of SU(2)_R implies an unbroken custodial symmetry in the Higgs system allowing to eliminate large contributions to the T parameter, whereas the P_LR symmetry and the enlarged fermion representations provide a custodial symmetry for flavour diagonal and flavour changing couplings of the SM Z boson to left-handed down-type quarks. We diagonalise analytically the mass matrices of charged and neutral gauge bosons including the first KK modes. We present the mass matrices for quarks including heavy KK modes and discuss the neutral and charged currents involving light and heavy fields. We give the corresponding complete set of Feynman rules in the unitary gauge.Comment: 74 pages, 2 figures. clarifying comments and references added, version to be published in JHE

Flavour and Collider Interplay for SUSY at LHC7

The current 7 TeV run of the LHC experiment shall be able to probe gluino and squark masses up to values larger than 1 TeV. Assuming that hints for SUSY are found in the jets plus missing energy channel by the end of a 5 fb$^{-1}$ run, we explore the flavour constraints on three models with a CMSSM-like spectrum: the CMSSM itself, a Seesaw extension of the CMSSM, and Flavoured CMSSM. In particular, we focus on decays that might have been measured by the time the run is concluded, such as $B_s\to\mu\mu$ and $\mu\to e\gamma$. We also analyse constraints imposed by neutral meson bounds and electric dipole moments. The interplay between collider and flavour experiments is explored through the use of three benchmark scenarios, finding the flavour feedback useful in order to determine the model parameters and to test the consistency of the different models.Comment: 44 pages, 15 figures; v3: minor corrections, added references, updated figures. Version accepted for publicatio

Footprints of the Beyond in flavor physics: Possible role of the Top Two Higgs Doublet Model

The B-factories results provide an impressive confirmation of the Standard Model (SM) description of flavor and CP violation. Nevertheless, as more data were accumulated, deviations in the 2.5-3.5 sigma range have emerged pointing to the exciting possibility of new CP-odd phase(s) and flavor violating parameters in B-decays. Primarily this seems to be the case in the time dependent CP asymmetries in penguin dominated modes (e.g. B -> phi (eta') Ks). We discuss these and other deviations from the SM and, as an illustration of possible new physics scenarios, we examine the role of the Top Two Higgs Doublet Model. This is a simple extension of the SM obtained by adding second Higgs doublet in which the Yukawa interactions of the two Higgs doublets are assigned in order to naturally account for the large top-quark mass. Of course, many other extensions of the Standard Model could also account for these experimental deviations. Clearly if one takes these deviations seriously then some new particles in the 300 GeV to few TeV with associated new CP-odd phase(s) are needed.Comment: 40 pages, 17 figures (png format), uses pdflate

New strategies for New Physics search in B -> K* nu anti-nu, B -> K nu anti-nu and B -> X(s) nu anti-nu decays

The rare decay B -> K* nu anti-nu allows a transparent study of Z penguin and other electroweak penguin effects in New Physics (NP) scenarios in the absence of dipole operator contributions and Higgs (scalar) penguin contributions that are often more important than Z contributions in B -> K* l+l- and B(s) -> l+l- decays. We present a new analysis of B -> K* nu anti-nu with improved form factors and of the decays B -> K nu anti-nu and B -> X(s) nu anti-nu in the SM and in a number of NP scenarios like the general MSSM, general scenarios with modified Z/Z' penguins and in a singlet scalar extension of the SM. We also summarize the results in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity and a Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with custodial protection of left-handed Z-di-dj couplings. Our SM prediction BR(B -> K* nu anti-nu)=(6.8^+1.0_-1.1) x 10^-6 turns out to be significantly lower than the ones present in the literature. Our improved calculation BR(B -> X(s) nu anti-nu)=(2.7+-0.2) x 10^-5 in the SM avoids the normalization to the BR(B -> X(c) e anti-nu(e)) and, with less than 10% total uncertainty, is the most accurate to date. The results for the SM and NP scenarios can be transparently summarized in a (epsilon,eta) plane with a non-vanishing eta signalling the presence of new right-handed down-quark flavour violating couplings which can be ideally probed by the decays in question. Measuring the three branching ratios and one additional polarization observable in B -> K* nu anti-nu allows to overconstrain the resulting point in the (epsilon,eta) plane with (epsilon,eta)=(1,0) corresponding to the SM. The correlations of these three channels with the rare decays K+ -> pi+ nu anti-nu, KL -> pi0 nu anti-nu, B -> X(s) l+ l- and B(s) -> mu+ mu- offer powerful tests of New Physics with new right-handed couplings and non-MFV interactions.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. v2: 9 references, minor clarifications and corrections added. Conclusions unchange

Charmless hadronic decays B→PP,PV,VVB \to PP, PV, VV and new physics effects in the general two-Higgs doublet models

Based on the low-energy effective Hamiltonian with the generalized factorization, we calculate the new physics contributions to the branching ratios of the two-body charmless hadronic decays of $B_u$ and $B_d$ mesons induced by the new gluonic and electroweak charged-Higgs penguin diagrams in the general two-Higgs doublet models (models I, II and III). Within the considered parameter space, we find that: (a) the new physics effects from new gluonic penguin diagrams strongly dominate over those from the new $\gamma$- and $Z^0$- penguin diagrams; (b) in models I and II, new physics contributions to most studied B meson decay channels are rather small in size: from -15% to 20%; (c) in model III, however, the new physics enhancements to the penguin-dominated decay modes can be significant, $\sim (30 -200)$, and therefore are measurable in forthcoming high precision B experiments; (d) the new physics enhancements to ratios {\cal B}(B \to K \etap) are significant in model III, $\sim (35 -70)$, and hence provide a simple and plausible new physics interpretation for the observed unexpectedly large B \to K \etap decay rates; (e) the theoretical predictions for ${\cal B}(B \to K^+ \pi)$ and ${\cal B}(B \to K^0 \pi^+)$ in model III are still consistent with the data within $2\sigma$ errors; (f) the significant new physics enhancements to the branching ratios of $B \to K^0 \pi^0, K^* \eta, K^{*+} \pi^-, K^+ \phi, K^{*0} \omega, K^{*+} \phi$ and $K^{*0} \phi$ decays are helpful to improve the agreement between the data and the theoretical predictions; (g) the theoretical predictions of ${\cal B}(B \to PP, PV, VV)$ in the 2HDM's are generally consistent with experimental measurements and upper limits ($90$)Comment: 55 pages, Latex file, 17 PS and EPS figures. With minor corrections, final version to be published in Phys.Rev. D. Repot-no: PKU-TH-2000-4

Charm multiplicity and the branching ratios of inclusive charmless b quark decays in the general two-Higgs-doublet models

In the framework of general two-Higgs-doublet models, we calculate the branching ratios of various inclusive charmless b decays by using the low energy effective Hamiltonian including next-to-leading order QCD corrections, and examine the current status and the new physics effects on the determination of the charm multiplicity $n_c$ and semileptonic branching ratio $B_{SL}$. Within the considered parameter space, the enhancement to the ratio $BR(b \to s g)$ due to the charged-Higgs penguins can be as large as a factor of 8 (3) in the model III (II), while the ratio $BR(b \to no charm)$ can be increased from the standard model prediction of 2.49% to 4.91% (2.99%) in the model III (II). Consequently, the value of $B_{SL}$ and $n_c$ can be decreased simultaneously in the model III. The central value of $B_{SL}$ will be lowered slightly by about 0.003, but the ratio $n_c$ can be reduced significantly from the theoretical prediction of $n_c= 1.28 \pm 0.05$ in the SM to $n_c= 1.23 \pm 0.05$, $1.18 \pm 0.05$ for $m_{H^+}=200, 100$ GeV, respectively. We find that the predicted $n_c$ and the measured $n_c$ now agree within roughly one standard deviation after taking into account the effects of gluonic charged Higgs penguins in the model III with a relatively light charged Higgs boson.Comment: 25 pages, Latex file, axodraw.sty, 6 figures. Final version to be published in Phys.Rev.