О транспортной задаче с учётом реальных требований

The cargo transportation volumes increase annually all over the world. Transportation companies face a very difficult task concerning the definition of the optimal routing and vehicle loads. Such task is known as Vehicle Routing Problem (VPR). The application of the classical approach to the task description is quite complicated due to the fact that it does not take into account a lot of parameters which define the crucial criteria of the successful operation of the company such as: consideration of the vehicle characteristics and characteristics of the cargo to be transported, variety of depots and open route, the possibility of partial loading/unloading of the vehicle at the itinerary points, transportation of cargo which consists of various goods, consideration of the service priority of the point. So the article deals with the complex transportation task. Actual local features for transport enterprises were found out. The article also contains the formulation of the problem for wide-spread practical applications, the mathematical model of the complex transportation task.Ежегодно можно наблюдать увеличение объёма транспортировки грузов по всему миру. Перед транспортными предприятиями стоит нелёгкая задача определения оптимального решения маршрутизации и загрузки транспорта. Данная задача известна как задача маршрутизации транспорта. Применение на практике классической постановки задачи затруднительно, потому как в ней не учтены многие параметры, определяющие важные критерии для успешной работы компаний. В связи с этим в работе рассмотрена комплексная транспортная задача. Были выявлены актуальные локальные особенности транспортных предприятий, такие как учёт характеристик транспортных средств и перевозимого товара, множество депо и незамкнутый маршрут, возможность частичной загрузки/разгрузки транспортной системы в пунктах следования, транспортировка мульти номенклатурного груза, учёт приоритета обслуживания пункта. Описана наиболее востребованная для практического применения постановка задачи, предложена математическая модель комплексной транспортной задачи

О транспортной задаче с учётом реальных требований

The cargo transportation volumes increase annually all over the world. Transportation companies face a very difficult task concerning the definition of the optimal routing and vehicle loads. Such task is known as Vehicle Routing Problem (VPR). The application of the classical approach to the task description is quite complicated due to the fact that it does not take into account a lot of parameters which define the crucial criteria of the successful operation of the company such as: consideration of the vehicle characteristics and characteristics of the cargo to be transported, variety of depots and open route, the possibility of partial loading/unloading of the vehicle at the itinerary points, transportation of cargo which consists of various goods, consideration of the service priority of the point. So the article deals with the complex transportation task. Actual local features for transport enterprises were found out. The article also contains the formulation of the problem for wide-spread practical applications, the mathematical model of the complex transportation task.Ежегодно можно наблюдать увеличение объёма транспортировки грузов по всему миру. Перед транспортными предприятиями стоит нелёгкая задача определения оптимального решения маршрутизации и загрузки транспорта. Данная задача известна как задача маршрутизации транспорта. Применение на практике классической постановки задачи затруднительно, потому как в ней не учтены многие параметры, определяющие важные критерии для успешной работы компаний. В связи с этим в работе рассмотрена комплексная транспортная задача. Были выявлены актуальные локальные особенности транспортных предприятий, такие как учёт характеристик транспортных средств и перевозимого товара, множество депо и незамкнутый маршрут, возможность частичной загрузки/разгрузки транспортной системы в пунктах следования, транспортировка мульти номенклатурного груза, учёт приоритета обслуживания пункта. Описана наиболее востребованная для практического применения постановка задачи, предложена математическая модель комплексной транспортной задачи

Femtosecond dynamics of the S2 and S1 fluorescence of ionic styryl dyes in polar solvents

Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion and picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting fluorescence experiments for bridged and unbridged ionic styryl dye compounds in polar solvents are reported. The measured fluorescence transients reveal S2 S1 internal conversion (IC) with a typical time of 300 fs, independent of bridged or unbridged structure. The lifetime of the relaxed emissive S1 state differs considerably for the bridged and unbridged structures: when the styryl-group single bonds are unbridged, the S1-state lifetime is only about 20 ps and the non-radiative decay to the ground state is very effective. When both single bonds of the styryl dye are chemically bridged and only the double bond is free to rotate, the fast decay is suppressed and the lifetime becomes about 2 ns. In addition, the fluorescence of the ionic styryl dyes shows picosecond transient behavior that is attributed to vibrational cooling in the excited S1 state. Finally, a qualitative discussion is given of the influence of the donor-acceptor strength of the styryl dye compounds on the polymethine and stilbenoid character of the S1 state and how this affects the effectiveness of the single- and double-bond twisting relaxation pathways for this state

PEPC sensitization with polymethine dyes: 1. Squarylium dyes of indole row as efficient sensitizers for red region of optical spectrum

Phase hologram recording is based on photoconductivity which appears in polymer molecular semiconductor film being exposed to light [1]. Photocurrent threshold depends on energy gap between valence and conduction bands of a photoconductor (PC). Energy gap of PCs based on poly-N-epoxypropylcarbazole (PEPC) which are widely used for hologram recording is rather large. That is why recording on pure PEPC film may be only in UV range of optical spectra. Thus, sensitization of PEPC with different dyes to make it sensitive to visible range is usually used for practice. Nowadays structural PEPC sensitization with fluorene electron acceptors is widely used for holographic recording material synthesis [2]. There are few publications about organic dye sensitization of PEPC due to low efficiency of first dyes used. Main obstacle to practical use of dyes like rhodamine 6G, malachite green and other 3-phenilmethans, is low diffraction efficiency (η) of hologram due to large charges thermo-relaxation in single-layer PEPC films. We have investigated some polymethine dyes like squarylium with indole residues for PEPC sensitization in red range of visible spectrum. These dyes are under intense interest due to its promising usefulness for xerography and optical recording. Particularity of such dyes is its intra-ionoide, actually bipolar, structure