СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ ЗАКОНОВ КАК КРИТЕРИЙ ДОВЕРИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ

The article is devoted to the conditions for the fairness of laws that promote trust in the subjects of legislative initiative, between the subjects of public authority and society. Among these conditions is the creation of legislation based on the principles of equality and justice.Статья посвящена условиям справедливости законов, которые способствуют доверию к субъектам законодательной инициативы, между субъектами публичной власти и обществом. Среди этих условий создание законодательства на основе принципов равенства и справедливости

PHYSICAL GROWTH OF CHILDREN IN VORONEZH REGION. ITS DYNAMICS AND TRENDS

Physical growth of children is one of the most important dices for the health status of the younger generation. The study of the children's physical growth and development peculiarities in the changing social and economic conditions is deferred to the key problems of the hygiene and health protection of children and adolescents. The object of the study was he children of Voronezh region. The authors estimated the ain indices of the physical growth: height and body mass. They amined over 12 000 children: 6310 boys and 6242 girls aged between 0 and 14 years, living in the urban and rural areas. Such studies never took place in Voronezh region in a capacity like this, as well as in such a variety of sample and high degree of their representativeness (р < 0,01). The acquired data on the physical growth of children in Voronezh region in the end of the 2nd millennium demonstrates a more favor able situation (towards the capital social and economic sphere) in the region, where the children population under the study resides, if compared with the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the advantage of influence on the physical growth of biological, medical and genetic factors over the social and hygienic ones (lifestyle, environment and etc.).Key words: physical growth, children, height, body mass

Optimisation of recording conditions for the electron paramagnetic resonance signal used in dental enamel dosimetry

Optimisation of the parameters for recording the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of dental enamel for absorbed dose reconstruction was performed for an EMX (Bruker) spectrometer supplied with a high-sensitivity microwave cavity. Dose determination was performed using a previously developed automatic spectra processing procedure, which uses the non-linear fit of a model spectrum. The experimental error was estimated as the standard deviation of the results from the nominal doses for the set of spectra recorded for 10 samples prepared from teeth of different persons and irradiated in the dose range 0-500 mGy. The microwave power and magnetic field modulation amplitude corresponding to the minimum of dependencies of the error on these parameters were adopted as the optimal ones. For the sets of spectra recorded at optimal parameters for sample masses 100, 50 and 30 mg, the errors of dose determination were obtained as 18, 27 and 37 mGy respectrvely

The neutron dose conversion coefficients calculation in human tooth enamel in an anthropomorphic phantom

In the present study, MCNP4B simulation code is used to simulate neutron and photon transport. It gives the conversion coefficients that relate neutron fluence to the dose in tooth enamel (molars and pre-molars only) for 20 energy groups of monoenergetic neutrons with energies from 10-9. to 20 MeV for five different irradiation geometries. The data presented are intended to provide the basis for connection between EPR dose values and standard protection quantities defined in ICRP Publication 74. The results of the calculations for critical organs were found to be consistent with ICRP data, with discrepancies generally less than 10% for the fast neutrons. The absorbed dose in enamel was found to depend strongly on the incident neutron energy for neutrons over 10 keV. The dependence of the data on the irradiation geometry is also shown. Lower bound estimates of enamel radiation sensitivity to neutrons were made using obtained coefficients for the secondary photons. Depending on neutron energy, tooth enamel was shown to register 10-120% of the total neutron dose in the human body in the case of pure neutron exposure and AP irradiation geometry. © 2010 Health Physics Society

Dose reconstruction by EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel: Application to the population of Zaborie village exposed to high radioactive contamination after the chernobyl accident

Individual irradiation doses were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the tooth enamel of the inhabitants of Zaborie, the most contaminated inhabited settlement not evacuated after the Chernobyl accident. Dose determination was performed using a specially developed automatic spectrum processing procedure. Spectrum processing was carried out in different operating modes, and average results were taken in order to reduce the contribution of uncertainty in dose determination caused by spectrum processing. The absorbed doses determined in enamel were corrected to take into account the contribution of natural background radiation and to determine the individual excess dose due to radioactive contamination of the territory. Individual excess doses are compared to calculated individualized doses to teeth, estimated using the local radioactive contamination levels, dose rates, and information concerning individual behavior. The individual excess doses measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and the calculated individualized doses are fully independent. Mean square variation between results of two methods was found to be 34 mGy, which is consistent with error estimation for both methods. This result can validate both the methodology of signal processing presented here when using electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry of tooth enamel for low doses and the methodology of individualized dose calculation

Dental enamel epr dosimetry: Comparative testing of the spectra processing methods for determination of radiation-induced signal amplitude

The aim of this investigation is to find out the optimal algorithm for mathematical processing of the EPR spectra of irradiated tooth enamel for estimating the amplitude of the radiation-induced signal, which is used for determination of the absorbed dose in enamel for retrospective individual dosimetry. A recently developed analytical model, which takes into account the line shape variation of the enamel EPR spectral components registered at different microwave power, was applied to spectra processing in various operation modes to simulate spectra processing techniques differing by the number of fitted parameters. The precision of dose determination at spectra processing was assessed by the root mean square deviation between experimental and nominal doses for sets of spectra of enamel samples irradiated in different doses and measured at different microwave power. It is shown that in the case of pooled enamel samples prepared as a mixture from different teeth, the higher precision of spectra processing is obtained using a model with fixed native background signal line shape (characterized by width and asymmetry parameters). In case of individual samples prepared each from a different tooth, better results are obtained using a model with variable background signal line shape. © 2010 Health Physics Society