Microstructural and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analyses on Argon Ion Implantations in Tantalum Thin Films for Microelectronic Substrates

In the present study, the microstructural and statistical properties of unimplanted in comparison to argon ion-implanted tantalum-based thin film surface structures are investigated for potential application in microelectronic thin film substrates. In the study, the argon ions were implanted at the energy of 30 keV and the doses of 1 × 1017, 3 × 1017, and 7 × 1017 (ion/cm2) at an ambient temperature. Two primary goals have been pursued in this study. First, by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, the roughness of samples, before and after implantation, has been studied. The corrosion apparatus wear has been used to compare resistance against tantalum corrosion for all samples. The results show an increase in resistance against tantalum corrosion after the argon ion implantation process. After the corrosion test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was applied to study the sample morphology. The elemental composition of the samples was characterized by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Second, the statistical characteristics of both unimplanted and implanted samples, using the monofractal analysis with correlation function and correlation length of samples, were studied. The results show, however, that all samples are correlated and that the variation of ion doses has a negligible impact on the values of correlation lengths. Moreover, the study of height distribution and higher-order moments show the deviation from Gaussian distribution. The calculations of the roughness exponent and fractal dimension indicates that the implanted samples are the self-affine fractal surfaces

Dye removal with magnetic graphene nanocomposite through micro reactors

Contaminated waste water treatment and clean water scarcity are current challenges acutely in the Asian and African continents. This paper bestows applied co-precipitation technique for the fabrication of Magnetic Graphene Nano-Composites (MGNCs) for water treatment purposes. In this paper, characterization procedures were applied to delineate numerous physical and chemical properties of the synthetic MGNCs and mixing performance for several designed microreactors were determined using the Dushman’s method in comparison to two parallel reactions. The mixing timings for different microreactors at flow rates between 100 and 300 ml/hr were determined. MCNCs were utilised to remove an Acid Blue 25 dye as a pollutant from water at diverse types of microreactors. The comparison between the various microreactors’ performance and mixing time was accomplished. The maximum instantaneous removal capacity of graphene-based nanomaterial was recorded using K.M micro mixer about 68% for 10 ppm dye concentration

Characterization of primary and secondary metabolites of leaf and stem extracts from Eurycoma longifolia jack

This study evaluates the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (EL) stems and leaves to determine whether it can be utilized for therapeutic purposes as the roots. A total of six types of extracts were tested. The extracts showed high content of glycosaponins,  polysaccharides,  proteins  and  phenolics. The presence of flavonoids  and phospholipids was also detected. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of bioactive marker of EL root, eurycomanone and 14,15ß-dihydroxyklaineanone in stem and leaf extracts. Primary and secondary metabolites identified were reported to associate with the enhancement of ergogenic and aphrodisiac activities in animal and human subjects. The result shows that stem and leaves of E. longifolia has the potential for therapeutic purposes.Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia; eurycomanone; 14,15ß-dihydroxyklaineanone; aphrodisia

Plasto-hydrodynamic die-less strip drawing

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