The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the international space station: Part II — Results from the first seven years

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector on the International Space Station (ISS) conducting a unique, long-duration mission of fundamental physics research in space. The physics objectives include the precise studies of the origin of dark matter, antimatter, and cosmic rays as well as the exploration of new phenomena. Following a 16-year period of construction and testing, and a precursor flight on the Space Shuttle, AMS was installed on the ISS on May 19, 2011. In this report we present results based on 120 billion charged cosmic ray events up to multi-TeV energies. This includes the fluxes of positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons, and nuclei. These results provide unexpected information, which cannot be explained by the current theoretical models. The accuracy and characteristics of the data, simultaneously from many different types of cosmic rays, provide unique input to the understanding of origins, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays.</p

New Perspectives in Diagnostics with Partial Discharges

A review of definitions, algorithms and validation procedures relevant to the identification of defects supporting Partial Discharges (PD) and separation of mixed pulse-signals which are the main steps of diagnostic of insulation systems based on PD measurements, are presented in this paper. The fundamental requirements to obtain valid insulation diagnosis and avoid misleading evaluations of the defects generating PD, are discussed considering also a possible future development of fully automated diagnostics and smart instruments. This presentation summarize the current investigations conducted by the Research Unit of the Dielectric Materials Lab. of the University of Trieste (Italy)

ABITARE COSA 2.1.La dimensione sociologica dello spazio fisico della casa: intimo e collettivo, comune e pubblico. Da privacy a policy 2.2.Quale compito per l’architettura 2.3. Siamo capaci di Urbanità? 2.4. Reattività al contesto alla scala adeguata. Diversi stili: toni del tempo dell’abitare 2.5. Il valore dell’immagine. Una critica all’immagine vernacolare della casa e del quartiere 2.6. Abitare le case: atlante di immagini 2.7. I testi dell’abitare 2.8. Testi Architettonici: lettura dei toni espressivi di set di paesaggi interni 2.9. L’importanza di paesaggi interni e oggetti per una rivoluzione tipologica profonda: una rivoluzione sensoriale 2.10. Un cambiamento culturale

Ci siamo proposti di analizzare modelli di case, che riteniamo essere paradigmatici della relazione che si crea nel tipo casa di abitazione, ma che ascende alla grande tradizione rinascimentale del palazzo nobiliare italiano. Lo spazio intimo/collettivo e comune/ pubblico all’interno di ogni casa, è analizzato attraverso le tre strutture: _ costruzione come ossatura _ la pelle; elazione tra interno e esterno _ la cinematica: dall’esterno all’interno e nell’interno, il percorso (promenadearchitecturale). Due, infatti, sono le situazioni in cui chi visita una casa si trova: o si parte da dentro, come chi ci è nato e allora l’attitudine del percorso deve assecondare il tono espressivo che segue alla considerazione che non si conosce il fuori; oppure si parte dal fuori e l’ingresso nella casa è l’inizio di una esplorazione di un luogo che non conosco (il labirinto del Minotauro) e che conoscerò solo attraverso la mappa che, nella sequenza del percorso, costruirò come mappa mentale. La questione dunque, per un progettista, è quella di identificare le tonalità espressive che ogni ambiente/stanza deve comunicare

DAR SMART THE CITY TERRITORY.TOWARDS A NEW DIMENSION

Our research goes into how cities balance the macro/micro-economic factors and the spatial structure of cities with the cultural factors: the underlying form of residential/public areas and landscapes. It goes on to discuss the relationship between new settlement, activity and space and how this relationship is formed by the way different cultures and their activities make different demands on movement, new settlement of formality gradients an co-presence. Finally we have to determine the manner in which patterns of infrastructure/space integration influence the location of different settlements, classes and social groups in the city and contribute to solve the pathology of housing and public realm estates. The spatial form needs to be understood as a contributing factor in forming the patterns of sustainable urban metabolism, integration or segregation in the city. The starting point of the present work is coming from the necessity to define the contemporary city within its territory, through a clarification of a new scale of intervention. The framework of our research coincides with the formal and structural dimensioning of the city territory. The need for a cultural "jump" should identify a range of elements and relations in the urban context, rather then simply upgrade the instruments of intervention and investigation. This means a better definition of the structural pattern and backbone of this reality, in order to show the discontinuity occurred in the urban development and in the cultural awareness of such phenomena. Our incoming research on Dar es Salaam follows the strategic modelling document by World Bank Senior Urbanist Pedro Ortiz, as a methodological indication for the development of a settlement. Its design, in the urban context of Dar es Salaam will follow the idea of a variable formality gradient, conveniently located as proposed by the metropolitan spatial strategy suggested by Ortiz. Such a scheme guarantees the connection of every settlement to the bus rapid transit system (BRT) and the integration with the surrounding peri-urban agriculture through a local form-typology specificity. Such an approach may envisage a sustainable relation between green and grey infrastructure, when green is intended as the hydro-geological system of the territory. A strong economic attractor related to the infrastructure system should foster the reversal of spontaneous settlements back into legality, providing them with services that could improve the sustainable level of the entire city.To cope with the historical structural transformation of the type of settlements, some guidelines on methodology and scale will be suggested, in order to structure the basis for an intervention and thus of a specific form of the city-territory. We promote the appearance of a new scale of the types of settlement and their interrelations, and a change in the urban/rural relation. A formality-gradient type, able to capitalize on its city-centre proximity its advanced services, will be determined in relation to mobility structures. Such device should also be able to communicate with the agricultural landscape that not only has the potential to provide products for consumption and sale to local communities (urban agriculture), but also becomes an element of urban regeneration as it has always been i.e. in the tradition of the Italian landscape

3D Structural Analysis of Ground-Wall Insulation of ac Rotating Machines Using X-Ray Tomography

The X-ray computed tomography has been applied here to inspect the internal features of two types of ground-wall insulation systems of ac rotating machines. Samples extracted from complete coils were scanned and their internal structure was analyzed by means of virtual slicing and 3D rendering procedures. Specialized software tools have been used to discover the morphological features of both the distributed voids and the high-density anomalies. It is was found that the resin penetration as well as the density and the geometries of the distributed micro-voids depend from the tape characteristics

Evaluation of Rotating Machine Insulation Using SFRA and FDS Testing

The first results of investigations having the purpose to evaluate how Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) and Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy (FDS) can reflect the changes of insulation system of MV induction motors, are discussed in this paper. These methods, together with dissipation factor and partial discharge (PD) measurements, were applied to evaluate complete machines having moisture contamination, internal delaminations, end-winding displacements and other defect typologies. The results are compared with those obtained testing twin machines in good conditions, used as a reference. It is shown that a more complete diagnostic information can be obtained integrating the test results of PD, SFRA and FDS test methods