New methods and equipment of decametric radio astronomy for continuum observation at the UTR-2 radio telescope

At present time the modernization of the giant decametric radio telescope UTR-2 is under way. New back-end facilities and methods which open up new possibilities for radio astronomical observations are developed. Some equipment was made in cooperation with Austrian and French radio astronomers. Current back-end facilities and methods used at the UTR-2 radio telescope are described and compared with former traditional methods, equipment and their characteristics. Some prospects regarding current progress in developing new generation of back-end facilities are also discussed. The main focus of the presentation is the observation methods and equipment applied at the UTR-2 radio telescope for the investigation of continuum radio sources: Galactic background, discrete sources (preparation for the catalogue of sources in the whole Northern Sky), SNR, HII regions. Some results of using the new back-end facilities (such as Digital Spectral Polarimeter) and processing methods are presented

New decameter radiopolarimeter URAN-2

The description of the new decameter radiopolarimeter is submitted. It is created based on the phased array URAN-2, which is the greatest decameter array in the world after UTR-2, having the effective area about 30 000 m2, consisting of 512 broadband dipoles and working at frequencies from 10 up to 30 MHz. Polarimeter works at the central frequency of 24.75 MHz in a band of 10 kHz and 0.3 kHz. It provides reception of circular polarization waves by the horizontal crossed dipoles from any direction. Its sensitivity is ≈100 Jy. With the URAN-2 radiopolarimeter polarizing characteristics of a sporadic radio emission of the Sun (bursts of II and III types), and Jupiter (L- and S-bursts) are investigated. The obtained data will consist well with the results derived in adjacent frequency ranges. At research of the radio emission of Cyg A and Cas A the essential fluctuations of a degree of circular polarization (Stokes V parameter) of these sources radiations are found. This is caused, presumably, by ionosphere inhomogeneity. It is unique radiopolarimeter really working on so low frequencies. The URAN-2 radiopolarimeter organically supplements unique Ukrainian system of URAN decameter radio telescopes

Characteristics of Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Review.

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (younger than 50 years) is rising globally, the reasons for which are unclear. It appears to represent a unique disease process with different clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Data on oncological outcomes are limited, and sensitivity to conventional neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy regimens appear to be unknown. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on early-onset colorectal cancer. Within the next decade, it is estimated that 1 in 10 colon cancers and 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in adults younger than 50 years. Potential risk factors include a Westernized diet, obesity, antibiotic usage, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Although genetic predisposition plays a role, most cases are sporadic. The full spectrum of germline and somatic sequence variations implicated remains unknown. Younger patients typically present with descending colonic or rectal cancer, advanced disease stage, and unfavorable histopathological features. Despite being more likely to receive neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, patients with early-onset disease demonstrate comparable oncological outcomes with their older counterparts. The clinicopathological features, underlying molecular profiles, and drivers of early-onset colorectal cancer differ from those of late-onset disease. Standardized, age-specific preventive, screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are required to optimize outcomes

Extra two new piezoelectromagnetic SH-SAWs with dramatic dependence on small electromagnetic constant

It is expected that this theoretical report finalizes the research regarding to the shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) propagation along the suitable surface of the transversely isotropic (6 mm) piezoelectromagnetics. This report examines extra two new SH-SAWs, the existence of which dramatically depends on the small electromagnetic constant that is responsible for the magnetoelectric effect. This study also provides some comparison with the previously obtained theoretical results and the phenomenon called the Goldstone excitation. The obtained results can be useful for educational purposes, creation of novel technical devices based on the magnetoelectric effect that can find applications in spintronics, further theoretical treatments of the SH-wave propagation in plates, nondestructive testing and evaluation of apt surfaces and plates, etc. Keywords: Transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastics, Magnetoelectric effect, New shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves, Goldstone excitatio

A twofold mission to the moon: Objectives and payloads

International audienc