Kisspeptin is Testosterone independent regulator of Sexual Motivation in Male Rats

Kisspeptin is the peptide product of the KISS-1 gene and endogenous agonist for the Kiss1 receptor. It is well known that kisspeptin acts centrally, and stimulates the secretion of gonadoliberin (GnRH). Further, Kisspeptin also interacts with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin B and dynorphin to regulate GnRH pulse generation and plays a key role in sexual behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kisspeptin on male rats' sexual motivation and its dependence on testosterone levels. In this study total of 50 copulation naive male Wistar rats were collected and divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group), among these first group received only saline (control), the second group has been given 20μg buserelin acetate (GnRH analogue), the third group has been given intranasally kisspeptin-10 (3ng), the fourth has been received intraperitoneally kisspeptin-10 (30ng) and the fifth group has been given Yoquimbine 200 µg. Behavioral effects were registered in the open-field reward-proximity chamber with a female in the estrous phase of the cycle over the transparent perforated wall for 10 minutes in red light. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein after 30 minutes of the substance administration and in the collected blood samples, testosterone concentration was measured by the ELISA method. All animal groups were compared with each other by the ANOVA test and correspondent “post hoc” paired tests of Newman–Kruskall– Wallis test and Dunn’s test. Intranasal administration of buserelin acetate increased the concentration of testosterone but did not affect sexual motivation in rats. Further, intraperitoneal administration of Kisspeptin-10 enhances testosterone concentration and sexual motivation. While intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 didn’t enhance testosterone level but increased sexual motivation. Results of this study showed some effects of kisspeptin along with the independent regulation of steroids

X-ray Diffraction Studies of Martensitic Transformations in Situ of the Pa-rameters of a Thin Crystalline Structure in TiNi Under External Loading

The paper presents the results of the X-ray diffraction study of martensitic transformations B2-R-B19' in a wide temperature range under the simultaneous action of the applied stress in the alloy based on titanium nickelide. Temperature dependences of the crystal structure parameters in phases B2, R, B19' in samples under the action of the external applied stress have been determined. It has been found that heating of a TiNi-based alloy under loading leads to a rapprochement of atomic volumes of coexisting martensitic and austenitic phases

Classical motion in force fields with short range correlations

We study the long time motion of fast particles moving through time-dependent random force fields with correlations that decay rapidly in space, but not necessarily in time. The time dependence of the averaged kinetic energy and mean-squared displacement is shown to exhibit a large degree of universality; it depends only on whether the force is, or is not, a gradient vector field. When it is, p^{2}(t) ~ t^{2/5} independently of the details of the potential and of the space dimension. Motion is then superballistic in one dimension, with q^{2}(t) ~ t^{12/5}, and ballistic in higher dimensions, with q^{2}(t) ~ t^{2}. These predictions are supported by numerical results in one and two dimensions. For force fields not obtained from a potential field, the power laws are different: p^{2}(t) ~ t^{2/3} and q^{2}(t) ~ t^{8/3} in all dimensions d\geq 1

RF system of the race-track microtron – recuperator for high power free electron laser

A brief description of the RF system of 100 MeV race-track microtron-recuperator being built in Novosibirsk for the Free Electron Laser project at Siberian center of Photochemistry research is presented. The frequency of RF system is 180.4 MHz. The RF system consists of 2 parts: the RF system of 2 MeV injector and the RF system of microtron. The injector RF system includes 3 RF cavities - one buncher cavity and two accelerating cavities. RF cavities are driven by a 2.5 kW amplifier and two high power single-tube 130 kW RF amplifiers respectively. The RF system of microtron includes 16 RF cavities operating at a gap voltage of 850kV each. Two 4-tubes power amplifiers supply the RF power of 600 kW each to the cavities via distribution feeders. In the high power amplifier stages the tetrodes GU-101A are used. The control system controls the amplitude and phase of RF voltage in the cavities and provides signals for synchronization of the electron gun. The results of the operation of the injector RF system and status of large RF system for the microtron are discussed

First experimental results obtained using the highpower free electron laser at the siberian center for photochemical research

The first lasing near the wavelength of 140 µm was achieved in April 2003 using a high-power free electron laser (FEL) constructed at the Siberian Center for Photochemical Research. In this paper we briefly describe the design of the FEL driven by an accelerator–recuperator. Characteristics of the electron beam and terahertz laser radiation, obtained in the first experiments, are also presented in the paper.У Сибірському центрі фотохімічних досліджень навесні 2003 року отримана генерація випромінювання з довжиною хвилі 140 мкм на потужному лазері на вільних електронах (ЛВЕ). У роботі коротко описана конструкція ЛВЕ на базі прискорювача рекуператора і представлені результати вимірювання деяких параметрів електронного пучка і терагерцового випромінювання.В Сибирском центре фотохимических исследований весной 2003 года получена генерация излучения с длиной волны 140 мкм на мощном лазере на свободных электронах (ЛСЭ). В работе кратко описана конструкция ЛСЭ на базе ускорителя рекуператора и представлены результаты измерения некоторых параметров электронного пучка и терагерцового излучения

The state of systemic oxygen transport depending on the hematocrit and hemoglobin values in an intrapartum hemorrhage

Background. Massive obstetric hemorrhage (MOH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide. There are currently a lot of national guidelines for MOH mana­gement, but the guidelines provided do not grant reasonable guidance on the minimum acceptable hemoglobin (Hb) level, which ensures the minimum acceptable oxygen delivery (IDO2). The work was aimed to assess the state of systemic oxygen transport depending on hematocrit and Hb in terms of blood loss, and to determine the minimum acceptable level of Hb, which provides an adequate relationship between systemic oxygen transport and oxygen needs in the development of MOH. Materials and methods. The study included 113 mothers in whom childbirth was complicated by blood loss. The mean age of parturient women was 32.5 ± 6.4 years, mean weight — 76.5 ± 12.4, mean gestational age — 39.5 ± 1.5 weeks. The dominant causes of MOH were uterine atony (52.14 %), ute­rine inversion (15.38 %), and amniotic fluid embolism (10.26 %). Less frequently, blood loss was observed due to uterine rupture (5.98 %), placental abruption (5.98 %), placenta previa (5.98 %), and delayed placental abruption (4.27 %). Postpartum blood loss ave­raged 1830.5 ± 622.7 ml (1200 to 2500 ml). The bleeding in all cases was stopped according to current protocols. Results. With Ht values ranging from 20.0 to 28.9 %, and Hb 45.1–68.9 g/l and the same FiO2 accounted for 100 %, the deviation of IDO2 was 2–3 times lower than the normal state of the gas transport blood function and only in patients with Ht 29.0–30.0 % and Hb 70.1–79.9 g/l, IDO2 values were close to the physiological norm. At Ht levels of 20.0–22.9 %, and Hb 45.1–50.4 g/l, the systemic oxygen consumption index was twice less than the generally accepted physiological norms, and in patients with the level of Ht 29.0–30.0 %, and Hb 70.1–79.9 g/l, the values of this indicator were within normal li­mits. At Ht levels ranged from 20.0 to 25.9 %, and Hb 45.1–60.2 g/l, tissue oxygen extraction rates were 1.5–2 times higher than gene­rally accepted physiological norms, and in patients with Ht 29.0–30.0 %, and Hb 70.1–79.9 g/l, its values were within normal limits. When calculating the minimum accep­table value of Hb in parturient women in the conditions of blood loss by linear regression with the calculation of coefficients by the method of the least squares, the obtained Hb values of 82.5365 g/l were consi­dered minimally acceptable when functional heart state and oxygen exchange are at the mi­nimum threshold of the physio­logical norm

Quantum mechanics

xii+537hlm.;24c

The Nature of CVC Nonlinearity in Low-Voltage Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

A new model of field emission in a scanning tunnelling microscope was developed. The model describes the tunnelling current from a surface of semiconductor (semimetal) and allows estimating the preexponential factor in the expression for the tunneling probability. It is shown that this factor is directly related to the degree of localization of the electron density and determines the shape of the local tunnel current-voltage characteristics (LTCVCs) at low voltages. The model allows separating the contributions of surface electronic states of different symmetry (dimension) of the tunnelling current. The practical application of the model is demonstrated by the example of mathematical processing of the LTCVCs of HOPG surface containing different structural defects

The Nature of CVC Nonlinearity in Low-Voltage Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

A new model of field emission in a scanning tunnelling microscope was developed. The model describes the tunnelling current from a surface of semiconductor (semimetal) and allows estimating the preexponential factor in the expression for the tunneling probability. It is shown that this factor is directly related to the degree of localization of the electron density and determines the shape of the local tunnel current-voltage characteristics (LTCVCs) at low voltages. The model allows separating the contributions of surface electronic states of different symmetry (dimension) of the tunnelling current. The practical application of the model is demonstrated by the example of mathematical processing of the LTCVCs of HOPG surface containing different structural defects

Research of the possibility of application of the superposition method for implementation of algorithms for determining damage locations in networks with isolated neutral

It is difficult to develop precise algorithms for determining fault locations for single-phase and double earth faults due to the features of emergency modes in medium voltage networks of 6-35 kV. The arbitrary configuration of electrical networks complicates the development of universal fault locations algorithms and, as a rule, technical solutions are limited by the need to use one-way measurements of emergency mode parameters. The article discusses new topology independent fault location algorithms that involve the use of the superposition method. The application of the proposed algorithms is justified by the results of simulation modeling and will allow implementation of calculating the distance to the fault in networks with isolated neutral with high accuracy