Injection molding of silicon carbide capable of being sintered without pressure

The most suitable SiC mass for injection molding of SiC articles (for subsequent pressureless sintering) consisted of beta SiC 84, a wax mixture 8, and polyethylene or polystyrene 8 parts. The most effective method for adding the binders was by dissolving them in a solvent and subsequent evaporation. The sequence of component addition was significant, and all parameters were optimized together rather than individually

Is there a Relationship between the Elongational Viscosity and the First Normal Stress Difference in Polymer Solutions?

We investigate a variety of different polymer solutions in shear and elongational flow. The shear flow is created in the cone-plate-geometry of a commercial rheometer. We use capillary thinning of a filament that is formed by a polymer solution in the Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometer (CaBER) as an elongational flow. We compare the relaxation time and the elongational viscosity measured in the CaBER with the first normal stress difference and the relaxation time that we measured in our rheometer. All of these four quantities depend on different fluid parameters - the viscosity of the polymer solution, the polymer concentration within the solution, and the molecular weight of the polymers - and on the shear rate (in the shear flow measurements). Nevertheless, we find that the first normal stress coefficient depends quadratically on the CaBER relaxation time. A simple model is presented that explains this relation

Topological complexity of the relative closure of a semi-Pfaffian couple

Gabrielov introduced the notion of relative closure of a Pfaffian couple as an alternative construction of the o-minimal structure generated by Khovanskii's Pfaffian functions. In this paper, use the notion of format (or complexity) of a Pfaffian couple to derive explicit upper-bounds for the homology of its relative closure. Keywords: Pfaffian functions, fewnomials, o-minimal structures, Betti numbers.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure. v3: Proofs and bounds have been slightly improve

Non-Esterified Plant Oils as Fuel-Engine Characteristics, Emissions and Mutagenic Effects of Particulate Matter

Pflanzenöle können einen gewissen Beitrag für eine erneuerbare, nahezu CO2-neutrale Kraftstoffversorgung leisten. Die nicht-veresterten Pflanzenöle haben im Gegensatz zu veresterten Ölen eine günstige Energie- und CO2-Bilanz. Deshalb werden hier die naturbelassenen, aber raffinierten Pflanzenöle auf ihre Eignung als Kraftstoff in Dieselmotoren und deren Emissionen detailliert untersucht. Versuche wurden mit drei verschiedenen Dieselmotoren durchgeführt.Plant oils may be used as a sustainable, nearly CO2 neutral fuel for diesel engines. This work investigates experimentally the particulate and gaseous emissions of diesel engines fuelled with non-esterified, pure plant oils with the quality standard of DIN V 51605 (Weihenstephan RK-Qualitätsstandard 05/2000). The data are collected from three engines: – Common rail passenger car engine from Opel AG – Truck engine from VOLVO – Truck engine from MAN A

Measurement of the 187Re({\alpha},n)190Ir reaction cross section at sub-Coulomb energies using the Cologne Clover Counting Setup

Uncertainties in adopted models of particle+nucleus optical-model potentials directly influence the accuracy in the theoretical predictions of reaction rates as they are needed for reaction-network calculations in, for instance, {\gamma}-process nucleosynthesis. The improvement of the {\alpha}+nucleus optical-model potential is hampered by the lack of experimental data at astrophysically relevant energies especially for heavier nuclei. Measuring the Re187({\alpha},n)Ir190 reaction cross section at sub-Coulomb energies extends the scarce experimental data available in this mass region and helps understanding the energy dependence of the imaginary part of the {\alpha}+nucleus optical-model potential at low energies. Applying the activation method, after the irradiation of natural rhenium targets with {\alpha}-particle energies of 12.4 to 14.1 MeV, the reaction yield and thus the reaction cross section were determined via {\gamma}-ray spectroscopy by using the Cologne Clover Counting Setup and the method of {\gamma}{\gamma} coincidences. Cross-section values at five energies close to the astrophysically relevant energy region were measured. Statistical model calculations revealed discrepancies between the experimental values and predictions based on widely used {\alpha}+nucleus optical-model potentials. However, an excellent reproduction of the measured cross-section values could be achieved from calculations based on the so-called Sauerwein-Rauscher {\alpha}+nucleus optical-model potential. The results obtained indicate that the energy dependence of the imaginary part of the {\alpha}+nucleus optical-model potential can be described by an exponential decrease. Successful reproductions of measured cross sections at low energies for {\alpha}-induced reactions in the mass range 141{\leq}A{\leq}187 confirm the global character of the Sauerwein-Rauscher potential

Interfacial colloidal monolayers under steady shear: structure and flow profiles

We study the coupling between the structural dynamics and rheological response of charged colloidal monolayers at water/oil interfaces, driven into steady shear by a microdisk rotating at a controlled angular velocity. The flow causes particles to layer into rotating concentric rings linked to the local, position-dependent shear rate, which triggers two distinct dynamical regimes: particles move continuously "Flowing") close to the microdisk, or exhibit intermittent "Hopping" between local energy minima farther away. The shear-rate dependent surface viscosity of a monolayer can be extracted from an interfacial stress balance, giving "macroscopic" flow curves whose behavior corresponds to the distinct microscopic regimes of particle motion. Hopping Regions correspond to a surface yield stress $\eta \sim \tau_S^Y \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$, whereas Flowing Regions exhibit surface viscosities with power-law shear-thinning characteristics.Comment: Supplementary Materials also present. Soft Matter, 201

Efficient extraction of canonical spatial relationships using a recursive enumeration of k-subsets

The spatial arrangement of a chemical compound plays an important role regarding the related properties or activities. A straightforward approach to encode the geometry is to enumerate pairwise spatial relationships between k substructures, like functional groups or subgraphs. This leads to a combinatorial explosion with th