Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management

We analyzed fishermen's local ecological knowledge (LEK) about the feeding habits, trophic interactions, habitats, fishing grounds, migration, and reproduction of nine coastal fishes in Búzios Island, southeastern Brazilian coast. We interviewed 39 fishermen using standardized questionnaires. Fishermen's LEK on habitat use and trophic interactions for the studied fishes agreed with the scientific literature, allowing the organization of reef and pelagic food webs. The interviewed fishermen mentioned that submerged rock formations would be important habitats for some large commercial fishes, such as Seriola spp., Caranx latus and Epinephelus marginatus. In some instances there was no scientific data to be compared with fishermen's LEK, and thus this kind of knowledge would be the only available source of information, such as for reproduction and migration of most of the studied fishes. We suggest herein ways to apply fishermen's LEK to develop and improve fisheries management measures, such as zoning of marine space, marine protected areas, and closed fishing seasons. Fishermen's LEK may be an important and feasible support to fisheries management and co-management

Identificação de fontes de resistência de milho à Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em campo

Com o objetivo de identificar fontes de resistência à Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), foram avaliadas as cultivares de milho CMS-22, CMS-35, AG-106, Dina-70, AG-510 e CMS-36 em campo, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Utilizaram-se as variáveis: danos foliares, obtidos através da escala visual de notas, sobrevivência, peso e comprimento das lagartas, 10 dias após a infestação artificial das plantas com lagartas de 1º ínstar. As cultivares diferiram significativamente (P=0,05) apenas com relação aos danos, destacando-se AG-510 como a mais resistente, com dano médio de 5,41 em comparação com CMS-35 e AG-106, as mais suscetíveis, com danos médios de 8,38 e 7,85 respectivamente. Foram determinadas correlações lineares significativas (p=0,01) entre os danos e peso de lagartas, danos e comprimento de lagartas e peso e comprimento de lagartas, indicando a possibilidade de utilização dessas variáveis nos estudos de resistência de milho a S. frugiperda.<br>The objective of this work was to identify sources of resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in six corn cultivars (CMS-22, CMS-35, AG-106, Dina-70, AG-510 and CMS-36) which were tested under field conditions using a complete randomized block design with four replications. The following parameters were observed: a) foliar damage, obtained through a visual note scale; b) larvae survival, weigth and length, measured 10 days after artificial plant infestation. There were significant statistical differences (P=0.05) among cultivars only in relation to foliar damage, being AG 510 the most resistant cultivar with an average damage of 5.41. The most susceptible cultivars were CMS 35 and AG 106 which had an average damage of 8.38 and 7.85 respectively. Significant linear correlations (P=0.01) were found between foliar damage and larvae weigth; foliar damage and larvae length; and larvae weigth and larvae length, indicating the possibility of utilization of these parameters to evaluate resistance of corn cultivars to S. frugiperda