Methodological approaches to the construction of an econometric model of hidden profits at the micro level

Application of econometric analysis methods to such relatively underexplored field of scientific knowledge as the shadow economy which is characterized by a higher degree of difficulty in getting its assessments forces in some cases to refuse to comply with mechanical use of econometric tools and formulate a number of assumptions without which the problem can not be solved. In order for the method worked well, it should be found a rational relationship between the source data, the prerequisites of the methods used, and the provisions of econometric theory. In addition, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the socioeconomic cause-effect relationships between phenomena. As practice shows, availability of information only is insufficient to obtain reliable estimates of the shadow economy and the calculations associated with their prediction. There is currently no legally established recommendations on methods of formation predictive estimates of the shadow economy. This leads to the need to find effective forecasting models and techniques as a tool for management of the shadow economy. Simulation of legally unregistered processes on the basis of correlation-regression analysis allows with a high degree of reliability to evaluate the relationship between hidden profits and the dominant factors, to rank them in order of importance, and to determine the contribution of each factor to the development of shadow economic activities at the micro level

Convergence and stability analysis of kolmogorov system solutions in infinite-dimensional space

© Medwell Journals, 2017.The study studied the issues of convergence and stability of some calculation system solutions for linear differential equations, namely Kolmogorov's calculation systems in infinite-dimensional space on the basis of local integrability, non-negative coefficients and diagonal dominance properties. The conditions for operators were found with which they solve some problems of these system solution convergence and stability. On the basis of the local integrability, non-negative coefficients and diagonal dominance properties the sufficient conditions were obtained which guarantee the stability and the convergence of Kolmogorov's countable system solutions. The results of the study may be applied during the analysis of technical system various models, particularly the telecommunication system models. Besides, the results of Kolmogorov's system analysis can be used for biological system modeling. The study develops the approach to the qualitative research of Kolmogorov's systems based on the distribution of differential equation qualitative theory in infinite-dimensional spaces on Kolmogorov's systems that allowed to obtain a number of new results. Strict substantiations of the statements are presented concerning the qualitative behavior of solutions for some calculation systems of linear differential equations. One may formulate similar statements for infinite reproduction and death systems which are the particular cases of Kolmogorov's systems as the results of obtained statements

Типология речевого поведения (коммуникативно-прагматический аспект)

The speech behavior typology is represented in the article from the point view of communicative and pragmatic approach. The notions communicative space and speech behavior are specified. Three types of communicative behavior: aggression, tolerance, politeness, are viewed.В статье представлена типология речевого поведения с точки зрения коммуникативно- прагматического подхода. Уточнены понятия «коммуникативное пространство» и «речевое поведение». С позиции взаимодействия в коммуникативном пространстве рассматриваются три типа речевого поведения: агрессия, толерантность и вежливость

The Current Issues of Trade Cooperation Between the EAEU and China

INTRODUCTION. The EAEU, as a subject of international law, undergoes a process of integration cooperation with states. Interaction of the EAEU with countries is characterized by a variety of forms and despite the fact that it relies on the legal experience of most international organizations, nevertheless it chooses its own exclusive way. One example of a fruitful partnership, although not unambiguous on some issues, is the cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC. The purpose of this article is to trace the realization of the economic potential of the EAEU and the PRC to create the Silk Road Economic Belt as part of the PRC's global initiative "One Belt, One Road. In addition, to analyze the interlinking of expectations and economic reasons for this of each of the EAEU member states.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research uses various documents of international legal nature, including international treaties, doctrinal sources and national legislation of foreign countries. The research is carried out with the use of general scientific and special scientific methods. In the process of legal analysis and forecasting methods of legal modeling were used.RESEARCH RESULTS. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework of economic cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC and also formulates recommendations for improving this mechanism. The overland economic corridors and their correlation with the opportunities of EAEU member states within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative are analyzed in detail, as well as the results of each EAEU country's participation in this project. In addition, the initiatives of China, the so-called "Digital Silk Road" and the interest of EAEU member states in this direction are considered. In addition, the author conducts a legal examination of the basic agreements signed between the EAEU and the PRC.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study of the problems and prospects of cooperation between the EAEU and its member countries allows us to note the systematic nature of the EAEU's activities in the field of integration interaction with third countries. At the same time, the variety of forms of cooperation allows the EAEU to respond flexibly to the level of readiness of one or another country to simplify trade procedures. The author concludes that, structurally, the process of pairing the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) occurs both as an interlinking of integration initiatives' development agendas and as cooperation with individual EAEU countries. The article emphasizes the inefficiency of a bilateral format of the EAEU member states' accession to the SREB initiative. Considering the legal basis for cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC, the author notes a consistent algorithm of joint actions at the current stage of integration. Nevertheless, for the future it is necessary to develop other formats of international cooperation, which would not be geographically contingent, but would ensure effective coordination between different economic blocs of states, including those at different stages (forms) of integration. We should note the topicality of the digital agenda of mutually beneficial cooperation for both the PRC and the EAEU countries on a long-term basis

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AS A SYSTEM OF COSTS FORMATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

In the article, the possibilities of using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method when forming costs of research and development are considered. Authors have investigated the fields using of this method and conclusions are drawn on impossibility of his independent realization in this connection the analysis of abilities to integrate LCC with other techniques positioned by special literature as methods of cost management is made. Besides, in article authors have offered the scheme of application of LCC at stages of life cycle of an industrial product

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AS A SYSTEM OF COSTS FORMATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

In the article, the possibilities of using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method when forming costs of research and development are considered. Authors have investigated the fields using of this method and conclusions are drawn on impossibility of his independent realization in this connection the analysis of abilities to integrate LCC with other techniques positioned by special literature as methods of cost management is made. Besides, in article authors have offered the scheme of application of LCC at stages of life cycle of an industrial product

Cellular internalisation, bioimaging and dark and photodynamic cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ metal clusters

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) doped by hexanuclear molybdenum cluster complexes [{Mo₆X₈}L₆]n (X = Cl, Br, or I; L = various inorganic or organic ligands) have been recently suggested as materials with a high potential for biomedical applications due to both the outstanding photoluminescent properties and the ability to efficiently generate singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation. However, no studies were undertaken so far to prove this concept. Therefore, here we examined the potential of photoluminescent SNPs doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ for such applications as bioimaging and photodynamic therapy using human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line as a model. Our results demonstrated both: (i) significant luminescence from cells with internalised molybdenum cluster doped SNPs combined with the low cytotoxicity of particles in the darkness and (ii) significant cytotoxicity of the particles upon photoirradiation. Thus, this research provides strong experimental evidence for high potential of molybdenum cluster doped materials in such biomedical applications as optical bioimaging, biolabeling and photodynamic therapy

Laser Conoscopy Study of Optical Anomalies in Uniaxial Crystals

New experimental possibilities of detecting fine optical anomalies in uniaxial crystals are demonstrated on a level with numerical estimation of refractive index and mechanical stress variations that cause distortions of the optical indicatrix. New possibilities are due to the use of an exact equation for isochromes derived for uniaxial crystals without mathematical simplifications commonly used by other authors. It allows one to calculate and graphically reproduce the theoretical form of isochromes of any orders in the conoscopic picture of an ideal crystal with known principal refractive indices, the thickness and orientation of the crystal surfaces, and also the wavelength of the radiation and the parameters of the optical circuit. A computer comparison of the theoretical image with an experimental conoscopic picture of a real crystal, fixed by a color digital camera on a semitransparent screen, is performed. The data on the variations of refractive indices and mechanical stresses in the crystal are retrieved from the mathematical processing of differences in the conoscopic images. The applications of the proposed method for the analysis of optical homogeneity of paratellurite and lithium niobate single crystals are presented. Keywords: method of conoscopy, isochromes, piezo-optic effec